The metabolism of benzoate by <i>Moraxella</i> species through anaerobic nitrate respiration. Evidence for a reductive pathway

Williams, R. J.; Evans, William C.

doi:10.1042/bj1480001a

Cited by 115 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…For the anaerobic phototroph Rhodopseudomonas palustris a reductive degradation pathway was proposed in which the aromatic ring is saturated to cyclohexane carboxylate prior to ring fission by a reaction analogous to the /3-oxidation of fatty acids (Dutton and Evans 1969). Basically the same path was suggested for nitrate-dependent (Williams and Evans 1975) and methanogenic benzoate degradation (Evans 1977). Whereas the former two processes are catalyzed by pure bacterial cultures, methanogenic benzoate degradation depends on syntrophic cooperation of fermenting bacteria and hydrogen-oxidizing methanogens (Ferry and Wolfe 1976) because benzoate fermentation to acetate, hydrogen and carbon dioxide is an endergonic reaction under standard conditions (calculations after Thauer et al 1977):…”

Section: Physiology and Biochemandtry Of Anaerobic Degradation Of Resormentioning

confidence: 91%

Fermentative degradation of resorcinol and resorcylic acids

Tschech

Schink

1985

Arch. Microbiol.

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Abstract. Anaerobic fermentative degradation of resorcinol and resorcylates was studied in enrichment cultures inoculated with marine or freshwater sediments or digested sludge, e-Resorcylate (3,5-dihydroxybenzoate) was degraded very rapidly to acetate and methane by enrichment cultures inoculated with freshwater sediment or sewage sludge, but degradation was slow in enrichments from marine habitats. The freshwater cultures did not degrade any other related phenolic substrates. Inhibition of methanogenic bacteria by bromoethanesulfonate and acetylene led to enhanced acetate formation indicating homoacetogenic hydrogen oxidation. With resorcinol (1,3-dihydroxybenzene) and/% and 7-resorcylate (2,4-and 2,6-dihydroxybenzoate), two different types of Gram-positive spore-forming strict anaerobes were isolated, which both did not grow with c~-resorcylate. Both were assigned to the genus Clostridium. From freshwater enrichments, six strains were isolated in defined coculture with Campylobacter sp. They fermented resorcinol and /% and 7-resorcylate stoichiometrically to acetate and butyrate. No interspecies hydrogen transfer to methanogenic or other anaerobic bacteria was found. None out of numerous organic nutrients tested substituted for Campylobacter sp. as partner in defined cultures; the nutritive dependence of this bacterium could not be elucidated. Isolates from marine sediments formed acetate and hydrogen from resorcyclic compounds, and depended on syntrophic association with hydrogenscavenging anaerobes such as methanogens.

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Section: Physiology and Biochemandtry Of Anaerobic Degradation Of Resormentioning

confidence: 91%

Fermentative degradation of resorcinol and resorcylic acids

Tschech

Schink

1985

Arch. Microbiol.

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“…(24). Although several cultures of denitrifying bacteria have been shown to utilize benzoate and its derivatives anaerobically (5,19,22), the metabolic pathways occurring in such bacteria have not been studied with emphasis on biochemical aspects.…”

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confidence: 99%

Anaerobic metabolism of phthalate and other aromatic compounds by a denitrifying bacterium

Nozawa

Maruyama

1988

J Bacteriol

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The anaerobic metabolism of phthalate and other aromatic compounds by the denitrifying bacterium Pseudomonas sp. strain P136 was studied. Benzoate, cyclohex-1-ene-carboxylate, -2-hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate, and pimelate were detected as predominant metabolic intermediates during the metabolism of three isomers of phthalate, m-hydroxybenzoate, p-hydroxybenzoate, and cyclohex-3-ene-carboxylate. Inducible acyl-coenzyme A synthetase activities for phthalates, benzoate, cyclohex-1-ene-carboxylate, and cyclohex-3-ene-carboxylate were detected in the cells grown on aromatic compounds. Simultaneous adaptation to these aromatic compounds also occurred. A similar phenomenon was observed in the aerobic metabolism of aromatic compounds by this strain. A new pathway for the anaerobic metabolism of phthalate and a series of other aromatic compounds by this strain was proposed. Some properties of the regulation of this pathway were also discussed.Anaerobic metabolism of aromatic compounds by bacteria is regarded as a quite different process from general aerobic metabolism. The occurrence of anaerobic utilization of aromatic compounds has been reported for several bacterial cultures (7); however, only a few pathways were proposed for the anaerobic metabolism of aromatic compounds on the basis of biochemical evidence.Especially for denitrifying bacteria, there had been only one instance in which a pathway was proposed: that of the anaerobic metabolism of benzoate by Moraxella sp. (24). Although several cultures of denitrifying bacteria have been shown to utilize benzoate and its derivatives anaerobically (5,19,22), the metabolic pathways occurring in such bacteria have not been studied with emphasis on biochemical aspects.The bacterial strains mentioned above failed to utilize phthalate under anaerobic conditions, and little is known about the anaerobic metabolism .of phthalate. It is well known that phthalate is metabolized aerobically via a pathway which is quite different from that for benzoate utilization (9). However, the anaerobic metabolic pathway of phthalate is still unclear. Although two strains of denitrifying bacteria have been recently reported to utilize phthalate anaerobically denitrification with phthalate (1) and positive growth on phthalate (5) have been only briefly described. These investigations lacked detailed biochemical studies on the metabolic intermediates, and there had been little information about the pathway based on the substantial experimental evidence on the anaerobic metabolism of phthalate.We selective enrichment for the anaerobic utilization of ophthalate by nitrate respiration. Strain P136 was cultivated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions in basal medium containing appropriate substrates, and cell suspensions for the biochemical studies were prepared as described previously (17).Isolation of metabolic intermediates. For the anaerobic accumulation of metabolites, reactions were carried out in a series of 25-ml Thunberg tubes. The main compartment of each tube contained 5 ml of cell susp...

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“…Their evidence Evans, 1968, 1969;Williams and Evans, 1975) questions the mechanisms proposed by Oshima (1965) and Taylor et al (1970) and strongly supports a reductive pathway for anaerobic benzoate decomposition. Not all aromatic compounds have been reported to be anaerobically biodegradable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Not all aromatic compounds have been reported to be anaerobically biodegradable. The available information indicates that catechol and protocatechuic acid are very refractory (Clark and Pina, 1952;Taylor er al., 1970;Williams and Evans, 1975). This is of particular interest to us since both catechol and protocatechuic acid are biodegradable in our enrichments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hydrogenation process is followed by the ring-fission of alicyclic intermediates and then by'the methanogenesis from the.degradation products. This type of reductive pathway has been'proposed'and partially demonstrated for other forms of anaerobic metabolism of aromatic ring compounds (Dutton and Evans, 1968;Guyer and Hegeman, 1969;and Williams and Evans, 1975).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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