The methylation of arsenate by a marine alga Polyphysa Peniculus in the presence of L-methionine-methyl-d3

Cullen, William R.; Li, Hao; Pergantis, Spiros A.; Eigendorf, Guenter K.; Harrison, Lionel G.

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(94)90017-5

Cited by 32 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In addition, the distribution of As species in water was affected by methylation and reduction of algae, which indicated that the occurrence of organoarsenic compounds was correlated with biological activity in water column [8]. The proposed dynamic transformation of As in cells of algae was that algae took up As(V), reduced it to As(III), and methylated it to MMA and DMA [9,10] and that the transformation of As species was affected by redox in water medium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenic speciation and effect of arsenate inhibition in a Microcystis aeruginosa culture medium under different phosphate regimes

Guo

Gong

Wang

et al. 2011

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-To assess the ecological impact of arsenic pollution during cyanobacterial blooms, As speciation and cyanobacterial growth in phosphate-modified Microcystis aeruginosa cultures treated with arsenate were investigated under laboratory conditions. Marked growth inhibition was observed when arsenate was added. The inhibition effect of 1 mM arsenate was lower than that of 10 mM arsenate. Increasing phosphate supply (0-175 mM) in the medium decreased the inhibition of As. In the medium, arsenate, arsenite, and dimethylarsenicals (DMA) occurred under phosphate-deprivation (0 mM) and phosphate-excess (175 mM) conditions. However, only arsenate and DMA were detected under phosphate-limited (1 mM) and phosphate-rich (10 mM) conditions. Moreover, arsenite and DMA concentrations had significantly positive correlation with the biomass production of M. aeruginosa in the existence of phosphate. Arsenic speciation was more significantly affected by phosphate levels than arsenate concentrations. Recovery of total As content in M. aeruginosa culture medium increased with the increasing phosphate supply. The duration of arsenate contamination in the culture of M. aeruginosa had no influence on the variation of As species but affected the concentration of them in the medium under the phosphateexcess condition. This demonstrated that the effect of M. aeruginosa on As speciation was not related to the duration of As contamination under the phosphate-excess condition. Environ.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenic speciation and effect of arsenate inhibition in a Microcystis aeruginosa culture medium under different phosphate regimes

Guo

Gong

Wang

et al. 2011

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…Nonvolatile di-and trimethylarsenic species were identified in cultures of C. humiculus, and a dimethylarsenic compound was identified in cultures of the marine alga Polyphysa penicilus (68,69) by the hydride generation technique (see above). When [C 2 H 3 ]methionine was used as a methyl donor, the 2 Hlabeled nonvolatile metabolites produced 2 H-labeled arsines.…”

Section: Gsh ¡ Gs-sg ϩ 2hmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The advantages of hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) in analysis come from its much lower detection limits-parts per billion compared to parts per million for normal AAS-and from a lowered requirement upon matching the sample matrix which befalls normal AAS (59). At a pH of Ͻ4, arsenite is reduced to arsine itself, AsH 3 ; other conversions of oxyacids can be represented as follows: (CH 3 ) n AsO(OH) 3Ϫn 3 (CH 3 ) n AsH 3Ϫn where n ϭ 1 to 3 (68,69). Hence, methylarsonate and dimethylarsinate yield, respectively, monomethylarsine and dimethylarsine.…”

Section: Biomethylation and Bioalkylationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Methylation of Metalloids: Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth

Bentley

Chasteen

2002

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

518

316

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A significant 19th century public health problem was that the inhabitants of many houses containing wallpaper decorated with green arsenical pigments experienced illness and death. The problem was caused by certain fungi that grew in the presence of inorganic arsenic to form a toxic, garlic-odored gas. The garlic odor was actually put to use in a very delicate microbiological test for arsenic. In 1933, the gas was shown to be trimethylarsine. It was not until 1971 that arsenic methylation by bacteria was demonstrated. Further research in biomethylation has been facilitated by the development of delicate techniques for the determination of arsenic species. As described in this review, many microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, and yeasts) and animals are now known to biomethylate arsenic, forming both volatile (e.g., methylarsines) and nonvolatile (e.g., methylarsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid) compounds. The enzymatic mechanisms for this biomethylation are discussed. The microbial conversion of sodium arsenate to trimethylarsine proceeds by alternate reduction and methylation steps, with S-adenosylmethionine as the usual methyl donor. Thiols have important roles in the reductions. In anaerobic bacteria, methylcobalamin may be the donor. The other metalloid elements of the periodic table group 15, antimony and bismuth, also undergo biomethylation to some extent. Trimethylstibine formation by microorganisms is now well established, but this process apparently does not occur in animals. Formation of trimethylbismuth by microorganisms has been reported in a few cases. Microbial methylation plays important roles in the biogeochemical cycling of these metalloid elements and possibly in their detoxification. The wheel has come full circle, and public health considerations are again important

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“…24,31,35 In previous work concerning the biomethylation of arsenic, Cullen et al measured arsine or methylated arsines using an HG-GC-MS system operating in the wide-scan mode to investigate the biomethylation of arsenic by marine algae. 24,35 In our study, the arsines were separated by gas chromatography and Figure 1 The hydride generation/cold trap/cryofocus/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry system for the collection of arsines, as described in the text. MSD, mass selective detector of a mass spectrometer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cullen et al reported the bioaccumulation and biomethylation of inorganic arsenic by a marine unicellular alga in artificial seawater. 23,24 Arse-nate was converted to arsenite and arsenite was then converted to dimethylarsinate. Maeda et al demonstrated experimentally the biomethylation and biotransformation of arsenic in a freshwater food chain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%