The Microbe of Pleuropneumonia

Nocard,; Roux,

doi:10.1093/clinids/12.2.354

Cited by 38 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…mjcoides SC was the first mycoplasma to be isolated (Nocard & ROUX, 1898), and that it is an important contagious pathogen, little is known about this organism. So far, the size and a physical map of the chromosome of the type strain PG1 has been established (Pyle et al, 1990), and methods for species identification and detection have been developed based on PCR amplification of DNA segments of unknown function (Bashiruddin et al, 1994a, b;Dedieu e t al., 1994) et al, 1994) and for Salmonella (Stanley et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insertion element IS 1296 in Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony identifies a European clonal line distinct from African and Australian strains

Cheng

Nicolet²,

Poumarat³

et al. 1995

Microbiology

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Strains of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony (SC) type, the agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), were analysed with respect to the polymorphism of distribution of a newly discovered insertion element, lS1296, on the chromosome. Analysis of 64 strains isolated from Europe, Africa and Australia, including four vaccine strains and the type strain PG1, revealed ten different IS patterns, forming two main clusters. The European strains originated from outbreaks of CBPP in different countries, and from various other sources such as semen and preputial washings from cattle, lungs from goats and buffalo, and milk from sheep. They showed identical IS1296 patterns, except one strain which had an additional IS1296 element, but the pattern belonged to the same cluster. This shows that the strains from Europe form a clonal lineage. The strains originating from different geographical parts of the African continent and from Australia showed four closely related IS1296 patterns which belong to a separate cluster. This indicates that strains from Africa and Australia form a clonal lineage different from that of the European strains, suggesting that the sporadic cases of CBPP that have re-emerged in Europe almost 15 years after the last declared endemic case in 1967 arose from an established reservoir within Europe rather than being the result of repeated importation from Africa and Australia. While most strains from Africa and Australia had the same IS1296 pattern, all vaccine strains could be distinguished by an individual pattern. The type strain PG1 also had a particular IS1296 pattern which belongs to the cluster of the strains from Africa and Australia. The molecular definition of clonality of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides SC strains with IS1296 represents a rapid and reproducible method for subtyping and differentiation of vaccine strains. It permits at the present time the definition of two main clonal lines, one including the strains from the European continent and a second with strains from Africa and Australia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insertion element IS 1296 in Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony identifies a European clonal line distinct from African and Australian strains

Cheng

Nicolet²,

Poumarat³

et al. 1995

Microbiology

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“…Slightly over a century ago Edmond Nocard and Emile Roux successfully cultivated the agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, Mycoplasma mycoides (38). Since that time approximately 111 species of the genus Mycoplasma have been identified in animals, and another 102 organisms comprise the remaining portion of the class Mollicutes (http://www.the-icsp .org/subcoms/mollicutes.htm).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Genome Sequence ofMycoplasma hyopneumoniaeStrain 232, the Agent of Swine Mycoplasmosis

et al. 2004

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“…mycoides SC type, which is the causative agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. This disease has been known since the 18th century, and the organism was first isolated in 1898 by Nocard and Roux (38). The M. mycoides subsp.…”

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confidence: 99%

Phylogeny of the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster as determined by sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA genes from the two rRNA operons

et al. 1996

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The so-called Mycoplasma mycoides cluster consists of six species or subspecies of mycoplasmas (Mollicutes). These species are pathogenic for ruminants and some of them are of great concern in veterinary medicine. The members of the M. mycoides cluster have two rRNA operons (rrnA and rrnB). The nucleotide sequences of the 16S rRNA genes of 10 strains, representing all of the known species and subspecies of the M. mycoides cluster, were determined by direct automated solid-phase DNA sequencing. The sequences of both rRNA operons were determined by a novel strategy involving in vitro amplification by PCR with one operon-specific primer pair and one general primer pair. Interestingly, sequence differences (polymorphisms) between the two operons were observed for all strains. Two strains of M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae were sequenced, and 15 polymorphisms were found in the type strain (F38) and 17 polymorphisms were found in the other strain (4/2LC). Eight polymorphisms were found in the 16S rRNA genes of the M. mycoides subsp. mycoides smallcolony type, and sequence length variations in a poly(A) region were observed in the 16S rRNA genes of the two operons of this species. Secondary-structure analysis showed that polymorphisms were present in both stem and loop regions. The nucleotide substitutions in the polymorphic sites of the stem regions often resulted in a change from a canonical to a noncanonical base pairing or vice versa. A compensatory mutation was never observed in the other nucleotide of the base pair. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA sequences indicated that Mycoplasma sp. strain PG50 should be included in the M. capricolum species group. Furthermore, the 16S rRNA sequences of M. mycoides subsp. capri and the M. mycoides subsp. mycoides large-colony type were 99.9% identical. We therefore suggest that these species be reclassified in a common species group (for instance, "Mycoplasma capri") distinct from the M. mycoides subsp. mycoides small-colony type, which formed an intermediate branch between the M. capricolum species group and the M. capri species group.Many species belonging to the class Mollicutes (trivial name, mycoplasmas) are pathogenic and of great economic concern in livestock production. There is one interesting group of six closely related mycoplasmas named the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster, consisting of several ruminant pathogens (13,49,50). This group comprises the following species, subspecies, or strains: M. capricolum subsp. capricolum (formerly M. capricolum), M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (formerly Mycoplasma sp. strain F38), M. mycoides subsp. capri, the M. mycoides subsp. mycoides large-colony (LC) and small-colony (SC) types, and Mycoplasma sp. strain PG50.The best-known species in the M. mycoides cluster is perhaps the M. mycoides subsp. mycoides SC type, which is the causative agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. This disease has been known since the 18th century, and the organism was first isolated in 1898 by Nocard and Roux (38). The M. myco...

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The Microbe of Pleuropneumonia

Cited by 38 publications

References 0 publications

Insertion element IS 1296 in Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony identifies a European clonal line distinct from African and Australian strains

Insertion element IS 1296 in Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony identifies a European clonal line distinct from African and Australian strains

The Genome Sequence ofMycoplasma hyopneumoniaeStrain 232, the Agent of Swine Mycoplasmosis

Phylogeny of the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster as determined by sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA genes from the two rRNA operons

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