The Microbiology of Acid Soils

Boswell, J. G.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1955.tb06186.x

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…are considered to be generally more acid tolerant than Azotobacter and there are numerous reports of this genus being isolated from organic soil (Boswell 1955, Valvulo 1958, Jurgensen and Davey 1971, Granhall and Selander 1973. It is possible that this acid tolerance may be associated with the wet conditions; such a tolerance has been reported for moist mineral soils (Swaby 1939, Jensen 1940, McKnight 1949, Meiklejohn 1962.…”

Section: Factors Influencing Heterotrophic Nitrogen Fixation In Peatmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Clostridium spp. are considered to be generally more acid tolerant than Azotobacter and there are numerous reports of this genus being isolated from organic soil (Boswell 1955, Valvulo 1958, Jurgensen and Davey 1971, Granhall and Selander 1973. It is possi-in peat in vegetation mg/kg NH 4 +-N (mg!g) (mg/g) in 12 18 629 10 15 428 13 14 1818 8 20 312 12 13 400 14 18 1173 8 13 430 14 18 593 15 19 817 20 20 2352 17 19 330 10 17 333 7 18 620 10 23 410 19 21 177 28 22 439 2 17 343 24 24 1685 13 19 395 22 17 211 22 24 268 14 14 318 13 13 85 14 16 106 7 21 228 12 17 130 19 19 742 17 16 188 10 10 118 10 25 147 13 13 178 9 13 209 14 19 213 12 12 124 13 22 ble that this acid tolerance may be associated with the wet conditions; such a tolerance has been reported for moist mineral soils (Swaby 1939, Jensen 1940…”

Section: Factors Influencing Heterotrophic Nitrogen Fixation In Peatmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitrogen Fixation and the Nitrogen Balance in Peatland Ecosystems

Waughman¹,

Bellamy²

1980

Ecology

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A survey of heterotrophic nitrogen fixation was carried out using the acetylene reduction assay on peat from mires in Canada, England, Scotland, Ireland, Norway, Germany, Italy, and Malaysia. A detailed study of the relationship between nitrogen fixation and peatland ecology was carried out on the German sites. Nitrogenase activity was detected in all 16 fen sites examined, with the highest rates of activity being >100 nmol C2H4°mL peat—1°d—1 . Lower rates were found in both extreme rich fen and poor fen sites, with the lower rates found in bogs. A multiple regression analysis indicated pH and K to be positively correlated with nitrogenase activity whilst the correlation with Ca was negative. These results suggest that the systems as a whole may be in balance with regard to nitrogen. The rate of nitrogenase in peat from lower latitudes is greater than in peat from higher latitudes when temperatures are allowed for. The concentration of soluble nitrogen was higher, and the rate of nitrogenase activity lower in peat from beneath fen woodland than in peat from the early unwooded phase of succession. The estimated amount of nitrogen fixed annually by heterotrophic bacteria in peat from the south German mires is as follows (mg N/m2): fen, 2100; poor fen, 530; and bog, 70.

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Section: Factors Influencing Heterotrophic Nitrogen Fixation In Peatmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Factors Influencing Heterotrophic Nitrogen Fixation In Peatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Fixation and the Nitrogen Balance in Peatland Ecosystems

Waughman¹,

Bellamy²

1980

Ecology

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“…Also, in comparison with soils under undisturbed forest, bacteria of the genera Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter have increased 18-fold and 34-fold, respectively, in the soil of Watershed 2 (Smith, et al, 1968). Other workers have shown nitrification at similarly low pH's (Boswell, 1955;Weber and Gainey, 1962). It may be that we are dealing with relatively little known species of nitrifying bacteria adapted to more acid conditions (e.g., Alexander, 1967).…”

Section: Ammonium and Nitratementioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of Forest Cutting and Herbicide Treatment on Nutrient Budgets in the Hubbard Brook Watershed‐Ecosystem

Likens¹,

Bormann²,

Johnson³

et al. 1970

Ecological Monographs

1,082

533

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Abstract. All vegetation on Watershed 2 of the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest was cut during November and December of 1965, and vegetation regrowth was inhibited for two years by periodic application of herbicides. Annual stream-flow was increased 33 em or 39% the first year and 27 em or 28% the second year above the values expected if the watershed were not deforested.Large increases in streamwater concentration were observed for all major ions, except NH 4 +, S0 4 = and HC0 3 -, approximately five months after the deforestation. Nitrate concentrations were 41-fold higher than the undisturbed condition the first year and 56-fold higher the second. The nitrate concentration in stream water has exceeded, almost continuously, the health levels recommended for drinking water. Sulfate was the only major ion in stream water that decreased in concentration after deforestation. An inverse relationship between sulfate and nitrate concentrations in stream water was observed in both undisturbed and deforested situations. Average streamwater concentrations increased by 417% for Ca++, 408% for Mg++, 1558% forK+ and 177% for Na+ during the two years subsequent to deforestation. Budgetary net losses from Watershed 2 in kg/ha-yr were about 142 for N0 3 -N, 90 for Ca++, 36 forK+, 32 for Si0 2 -Si, 24 for AI+++, 18 for Mg++, 17 for Na+, 4 for C!-, and 0 for SOrS during 1967-68; whereas for an adjacent, undisturbed watershed (W6) net losses were 9.2 for Ca + +, 1.6 for K +, 17 for Si0 2 -Si, 3.1 for AI+++, 2.6 for Mg+ +, 7.0 for Na +, 0.1 for Cl-, and 3.3 for SO~-S. Input of nitrate-nitrogen in precipitation normally exceeds the output in drainage water in the undisturbed ecosystems, and ammonium-nitrogen likewise accumulates in both the undisturbed and deforested ecosystems. Total gross export of dissolved solids, exclusive of organic matter, was about 75 metric tons/km2 in 1966'-67, and 97 metric tons/km2 in 1967-68, or about 6 to 8 times greater than would be expected for an undisturbed watershed.The greatly increased export of dissolved .nutrients from the deforested ecosystem was due to an alteration of the nitrogen cycle within the ecosystem.The drainage streams tributary to Hubbard Brook are normally acid, and as a result of deforestation the hydrogen ion content increased by 5-fold (from pH 5.1 to 4.3).Streamwater temperatures after deforestation were higher than the undisturbed condition during both summer and winter. Also in contrast to the relatively constant temperature in the undisturbed streams, stream water temperature after deforestation fluctuated 3-4 o C during the day in summer.Electrical conductivity increased about 6-fold in the stream water after deforestation and was much more variable.Increased streamwater turbidity as a result of the deforestation was negligible; however the particulate matter output was increased about 4-fold. Whereas the particulate matter is normally 50% inorganic materials, after deforestation preliminary estimates indicate that the proportion of inorganic materials increased to 76...

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“…The occurrence of higher fungi ( (Table 4), though the slide traps showed no change in the number of species on the different sites. The soils generally, show a restricted fungal flora and that of the peat soils includes many species typical of wet, acid, peat soils (Boswell 1955;Loub 1960;Paarlahti & Vartiovaara 1960), including Penicillium frequentans, P. spinulosum, P. melinji, Trichoderma viride and Mortierella spp.…”

Section: Soil Respirationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Studies on the Microbiology of Four Moorland Soils in the Northern Pennines

Latter¹,

Cragg²,

Heal³

1967

The Journal of Ecology

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The Microbiology of Acid Soils

Cited by 14 publications

References 5 publications

Nitrogen Fixation and the Nitrogen Balance in Peatland Ecosystems

Nitrogen Fixation and the Nitrogen Balance in Peatland Ecosystems

Effects of Forest Cutting and Herbicide Treatment on Nutrient Budgets in the Hubbard Brook Watershed‐Ecosystem

Comparative Studies on the Microbiology of Four Moorland Soils in the Northern Pennines

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