The Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis Heart Shunt Part I: The French Paradox, Heart Disease and the Microbiota

Obrenovich, Mark E.; Siddiqui, Bushra; McCloskey, Benjamin; Reddy, V. Prakash

doi:10.3390/microorganisms8040490

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 143 publications

(179 reference statements)

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“…The shared symptoms include muscle weakness, cramping, problems with coordination, stiff muscles, muscle spasms and muscle twitching. The gradual deterioration of neurons in the central nervous system leads to the loss of muscle function and paralysis of both voluntary and involuntary muscles [31]. Gradually, patients have difficulty speaking, swallowing and eventually breathing [32].…”

Section: Als and Intractable Neurologic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gradually, patients have difficulty speaking, swallowing and eventually breathing [32]. ALS belongs to a wider group of disorders known as motor neuron diseases, which are caused by gradual deterioration, degeneration and death of motor neurons only as opposed to all nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord as mentioned by the authors [31,32]. Motor neurons are nerve cells that extend from the brain to the spinal cord and to muscles throughout the body.…”

Section: Als and Intractable Neurologic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mutant SOD-1 protein does generate oxygen and nitrogen-free radicals as byproducts of aerobic metabolism and altering peroxidase activity, among other mechanisms [31]. An early study that explored oxidative stress in animal models used transgenic mice for SOD-1 and mouse models lacking SOD-1 did show significant ALS symptoms, but also caused cellular death.…”

Section: Oxidative Stress Excitotoxicity and Inflammation In Alsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generation of oxygen radicals by altering peroxidase activity and generating lipid peroxidation was shown in a transgenic mouse model study with a mutant form of SOD-1. This group examined the extent to which peroxidase activity damaged spinal cord tissues of transgenic mice compared to controls and showed that spinal cord lipid peroxidation correlates with familial ALS transgenic mice models [31,61]. In cases of SOD-1 related familial ALS, antioxidant protein metabolism is already compromised and further oxidative stress can lead to neuron death.…”

Section: Oxidative Stress Excitotoxicity and Inflammation In Alsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis and Antibiotics in ALS and Neurodegenerative Diseases

et al. 2020

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The human gut hosts a wide and diverse ecosystem of microorganisms termed the microbiota, which line the walls of the digestive tract and colon where they co-metabolize digestible and indigestible food to contribute a plethora of biochemical compounds with diverse biological functions. The influence gut microbes have on neurological processes is largely yet unexplored. However, recent data regarding the so-called leaky gut, leaky brain syndrome suggests a potential link between the gut microbiota, inflammation and host co-metabolism that may affect neuropathology both locally and distally from sites where microorganisms are found. The focus of this manuscript is to draw connection between the microbiota–gut–brain (MGB) axis, antibiotics and the use of “BUGS AS DRUGS” for neurodegenerative diseases, their treatment, diagnoses and management and to compare the effect of current and past pharmaceuticals and antibiotics for alternative mechanisms of action for brain and neuronal disorders, such as Alzheimer disease (AD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), mood disorders, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders and others. It is a paradigm shift to suggest these diseases can be largely affected by unknown aspects of the microbiota. Therefore, a future exists for applying microbial, chemobiotic and chemotherapeutic approaches to enhance translational and personalized medical outcomes. Microbial modifying applications, such as CRISPR technology and recombinant DNA technology, among others, echo a theme in shifting paradigms, which involve the gut microbiota (GM) and mycobiota and will lead to potential gut-driven treatments for refractory neurologic diseases.

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Section: Als and Intractable Neurologic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Als and Intractable Neurologic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Oxidative Stress Excitotoxicity and Inflammation In Alsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Oxidative Stress Excitotoxicity and Inflammation In Alsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis and Antibiotics in ALS and Neurodegenerative Diseases

et al. 2020

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“…Motor neurons go from the brain to the spinal cord and muscles throughout the body and they establish the necessary communication between the brain and the voluntary muscles. Their deterioration and gradual death lead to a loss in muscular functioning, and voluntary and involuntary muscle paralysis [ 5 ]. As a result, patients show progressive difficulty in speaking, swallowing and finally breathing, resulting in death [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Microbiota on the Pathogenesis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and the Possible Benefits of Polyphenols. An Overview

et al. 2021

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The relationship between gut microbiota and neurodegenerative diseases is becoming clearer. Among said diseases amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) stands out due to its severity and, as with other chronic pathologies that cause neurodegeneration, gut microbiota could play a fundamental role in its pathogenesis. Therefore, polyphenols could be a therapeutic alternative due to their anti-inflammatory action and probiotic effect. Thus, the objective of our narrative review was to identify those bacteria that could have connection with the mentioned disease (ALS) and to analyze the benefits produced by administering polyphenols. Therefore, an extensive search was carried out selecting the most relevant articles published between 2005 and 2020 on the PubMed and EBSCO database on research carried out on cell, animal and human models of the disease. Thereby, after selecting, analyzing and debating the main articles on this topic, the bacteria related to the pathogenesis of ALS have been identified, among which we can positively highlight the presence mainly of Akkermansia muciniphila, but also Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp. or Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. Nevertheless, the presence of Escherichia coli or Ruminococcus torques stand out negatively for the disease. In addition, most of these bacteria are associated with molecular changes also linked to the pathogenesis of ALS. However, once the main polyphenols related to improvements in any of these three ALS models were assessed, many of them show positive results that could improve the prognosis of the disease. Nonetheless, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), curcumin and resveratrol are the polyphenols considered to show the most promising results as a therapeutic alternative for ALS through changes in microbiota.

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Gut Microbiota Composition and Epigenetic Molecular Changes Connected to the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease

et al. 2021

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The Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis Heart Shunt Part I: The French Paradox, Heart Disease and the Microbiota

Cited by 19 publications

References 143 publications

The Role of the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis and Antibiotics in ALS and Neurodegenerative Diseases

The Role of the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis and Antibiotics in ALS and Neurodegenerative Diseases

The Impact of Microbiota on the Pathogenesis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and the Possible Benefits of Polyphenols. An Overview

Gut Microbiota Composition and Epigenetic Molecular Changes Connected to the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease

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