The Microreactor Model-Guideline for PE-HD Process and Product Development

Böhm, Ludwig; Bilda, D.; Breuers, W.; Enderle, H.-F.; Lecht, R.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-79136-9_21

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…A continuous and gradual expansion of the particle, especially in the early stages of polymerization, ensures a uniform expansion and avoids overheating of the particle and melting of the polymer, which could result in the particles adhering to form sheets on the reactor walls and agitator, or large chunks which disturb fluidization or product discharge. Premature fragmentation of the polymer particle forms fines which can be carried into recycle lines …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous Single-Site Catalysts for Olefin Polymerization

Hlatky¹

2000

Chem. Rev.

769

551

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous Single-Site Catalysts for Olefin Polymerization

Hlatky¹

2000

Chem. Rev.

769

551

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“…A typical example of such reactor blends with multimodal molecular weight distribution is displayed in Figure 26. [160] Such polyethylenes with bimodal molecular weight distributions exhibit the strength and stiffness of high density polyethylene while retaining the high stress crack resistance and processability of medium density grades. They are being applied as light weight water and gas pipes and qualify for the PE100 rating requiring that the polymer must withstand a minimum circumferential stress of 10 MPa for the duration of 50 years at 20 8C.…”

Section: Reactor Blendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Polymerization and Post Polymerization Catalysis Fifty Years After the Discovery of Ziegler's Catalysts

Mülhaupt

2003

Macro Chemistry & Physics

277

193

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During the 1950's the discoveries of Ziegler's organometallic catalyst systems and Natta's stereoselective olefin polymerization set the stage for extraordinary progress in polymer science and technology. Today advanced catalyst systems are available for catalytic carbon carbon bond formation by means of polyinsertion, metathesis, coupling reactions, and controlled radical polymerization. Modern catalytic olefin polymerization processes and polyolefins are environmentally friendly and meet the demands of a sustainable development. The architectures of homo‐ and copolymers based upon olefin, cycloolefin, diene, styrene and arene feed stocks are tailored as a function of single site catalysts' ligand frameworks. Polymer properties are varied over a very wide range, e.g., liquid/solid, rigid/soft, crystalline/amorphous/rubbery, permeable/impermeable, opaque/transparent, moldable/thermosetting, insulating/conducting. Advanced polymerization reaction engineering, copolymerization processes, reactor granule and reactor blend technologies, tailor‐made single site catalysts, catalyst blends and tandem catalysis improve property profiles, stability, morphology, and melt processing. Tuned cycloolefin polymers are new functional materials for electronic applications. Catalytic chain transfer (CCT) and atom transfer polymerization (ATRP) produce a variety of new functional polymers, reactive oligomers, and block copolymers. Aqueous polyolefin emulsions are obtained when catalytic olefin polymerization is performed in nanodroplets of catalyst miniemulsions. The scope of catalytic polymerization and post polymerization catalysis is progressing well beyond the frontiers of commodity polyolefin manufacturing. Advanced catalytic processes produce polar polymers such as polyethers, polyketones, polyesters, polycarbonates, polyamides, polyaramids, and polyimides. The new phosgene free polycarbonate syntheses are based upon the palladium catalyzed oxidative carbonylation. This overview highlights history, recent progress and modern trends in catalytic polymerization and catalytic polymer modification illustrated by selected examples.

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“…Basically, blending is achieved by post-polymerization mixing of the different polymers, e. g., in an extruder, or, more conveniently, by directly generating the different polymers during the polymerization process ('reactor blending'). The latter technique can employ multiple reactors, generating different polymers by varying the reaction conditions in each reactor 2) , or within a single reactor two or more polymerization catalysts can be used 3) . For early transition metal based metallocene or Ziegler catalysts 4) , reactor blending is well established and is applied on an industrial scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactor blending with early/late transition metal catalyst combinations in ethylene polymerization

Mecking¹

1999

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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Ethylene is polymerized by heterobimetallic combinations of early and late transition metal catalysts. Dual combinations of zirconocenes and cationic nickel and iron catalysts with multidentate nitrogen-donor ligands are described. Reactor blends of linear and branched ethylene homopolymers are obtained. With zirconocene / nickel complex catalyst combinations, addition of hydrogen selectively reduces the molecular weight of the linear polyethylene formed by the metallocene catalyst.

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The Microreactor Model-Guideline for PE-HD Process and Product Development

Cited by 16 publications

References 27 publications

Heterogeneous Single-Site Catalysts for Olefin Polymerization

Heterogeneous Single-Site Catalysts for Olefin Polymerization

Catalytic Polymerization and Post Polymerization Catalysis Fifty Years After the Discovery of Ziegler's Catalysts

Reactor blending with early/late transition metal catalyst combinations in ethylene polymerization

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