The Microstructure, Proteomics and Crystallization of the Limpet Teeth

Wang, Yadong; Liu, Chuang; Du, Jinzhe; Huang, Jingliang; Zhang, Shuce; Zhang, Rongqing

doi:10.1002/pmic.201800194

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…In this study, we aimed to reveal the shell microstructures and chemical composition of the deep-sea limpet E. crystallina living at a depth of about 2,700 m of the Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge using various material characterization techniques including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fouriertransform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The TEM characterization is a proficient tool that allows scientists to investigate microstructural images and crystallographic details of nanomaterials (Suzuki et al, 2011;Suzuki et al, 2017;Wang et al, 2018;Ying et al, 2020). The width difference in layered structure between E. crystallina and C. toreuma shells due to their living environment was determined by TEM images.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An insight into the microstructures and composition of 2,700 m-depth deep-sea limpet shells

et al. 2022

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Structural and physiochemical properties contribute to the biological adaptation of deep-sea animals to their harsh living environment but have hardly been investigated systematically. In the present study, we for the first time applied various material characterization techniques including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy to investigate the shell microstructures and chemical composition of a deep-sea limpet Eulepetopsis crystallina collected from the Tiancheng hydrothermal vent field at a depth of around 2,700 m in the Southwest Indian Ocean. Analyses of shell microstructural morphology and diffraction patterns of E. crystallina explicitly revealed the layered structures, exfoliation characteristics, and crystallographic orientation of each layer’s unit cell which was tilted at a small angle sequentially. In comparison with ordinary shallow-water limpet Cellana toreuma shells, E. crystallina shells showed a unique chemical composition and contained pure calcite of calcium carbonate polymorph and the trace of phosphate originated from regional phosphatic sediments of the Southwest Indian Ocean. The further microscopic analyses indicated that the shell of the deep-sea limpet E. crystallina features integrated and untruncated layer structures with a compressed width, possibly owning to the ultra-high hydrostatic pressure, which confirmed the effects of the living environment on the shell microstructure of deep-sea animals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An insight into the microstructures and composition of 2,700 m-depth deep-sea limpet shells

et al. 2022

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“…Despite numerous studies from a materials perspective, the molecular data underlying their formation is scarce. Three studies have used proteomics to reveal 22 , and 15 proteins that are related to chiton teeth and limpet teeth formation, respectively. By transcriptome, the genetic basis of the freshwater snail radula formation was revealed, highlighting a chitin synthase with a myosin motor domain …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralize It or Not: Comparative Proteomics and Elemental Analysis Reveal Ancestral Compositions of Iron Mineralized Molluscan Radulae

et al. 2022

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The radula is a unique foraging organ to Mollusca, which is important for their evolution and taxonomic classification. Many radulae are mineralized with metals. Although the remarkable mechanical properties of mineralized radulae are well-studied, the formation of mineralization from nonmineralized radulae is poorly understood. Taking advantage of the recently sequenced octopus and chiton genomes, we were able to identify more species-specific radular proteins by proteomics. Comparing these proteomes with the known limpet radula proteome enabled us to gain insight into the molecular components of nonmineralized and mineralized radula, highlighting that iron mineralization in the chiton radula is possibly due to the evolution of ferritins and peroxiredoxins. Through an in vitro binding assay, ferritin is shown to be important to iron accumulation into the nonmineralized radula. Moreover, radular proteomes reflect their adaption to dietary habits to some extent. The octopus radula has many scaffold modification proteins to suit flexibility while the chiton radula has abundant sugar metabolism proteins (e.g., glycosyl hydrolases) to adapt to algae feeding. This study provides a foundation for the understanding of molluscan radula formation and evolution and may inspire the synthesis of iron nanomaterials.

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“…These incredibly hard minerals in the teeth of limpets demonstrate their utility in scraping rocks for algae. The morphology of goethite have been well studied by microscopy and spectroscopy methods (Mann et al, 1986;Pierre et al, 1986;Sone et al, 2005;Wang et al, 2018). It was found that the tooth base contains microcrystalline(superparamagnetic) and disordered goethite, while the cusp consists of needle-like goethite crystals (Pierre et al, 1986;Wang et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The morphology of goethite have been well studied by microscopy and spectroscopy methods (Mann et al, 1986;Pierre et al, 1986;Sone et al, 2005;Wang et al, 2018). It was found that the tooth base contains microcrystalline(superparamagnetic) and disordered goethite, while the cusp consists of needle-like goethite crystals (Pierre et al, 1986;Wang et al, 2018). These needle goethites are aligned in the direction of the fibers, and the crystals are smaller in the anterior region and larger in the posterior region (Wal, 1989;Wang et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A novel protein CtCBP-1 functions as a crucial macromolecule during mineralization of limpet teeth

2022

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Limpets are a class of marine mollusks that use mineralized teeth, one of the hardest and strongest biological materials, to feed on algae on rocks. By combining proteomics and RNA-seq analysis of limpet radula, we identified a novel chitin-binding protein (CtCBP-1) that may play a regulatory role in radula mineralization of Cellana toreuma. In this study, the full-length cDNA of CtCBP-1 gene was cloned for the first time, and the protein was successfully expressed in vitro. In vitro experiments demonstrated that CtCBP-1 binds well to both goethite and chitin, which are key components of the cusp. We studied the function of CtCBP-1 on goethite crystallization in vitro, revealing that it changed the morphology of goethite crystals. We also used fluorescence higher resolution imaging to map the binding of CtCBP-1 in radula and found that the distribution of CtCBP-1 on radula was specific, which consistent with the SEM results finding tightly aligned goethite. In this study, a novel protein CtCBP-1, which regulates the distinctive biomineralization process of limpet teeth, is identified for the first time. This protein’s identification may inform biomimetic techniques for creating hard materials that can withstand ambient temperature.

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The Microstructure, Proteomics and Crystallization of the Limpet Teeth

Cited by 14 publications

References 63 publications

An insight into the microstructures and composition of 2,700 m-depth deep-sea limpet shells

An insight into the microstructures and composition of 2,700 m-depth deep-sea limpet shells

Mineralize It or Not: Comparative Proteomics and Elemental Analysis Reveal Ancestral Compositions of Iron Mineralized Molluscan Radulae

A novel protein CtCBP-1 functions as a crucial macromolecule during mineralization of limpet teeth

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