The Middle Way

Schooler, Jonathan W.; Mrazek, Michael D.; Franklin, Michael S.; Baird, Benjamin; Mooneyham, Benjamin W.; Zedelius, Claire M.; Broadway, James M.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800090-8.00001-9

Cited by 98 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Errors of commission, for example, have been suggested to indicate that the SART is being completed in an automated manner rather than one reflecting controlled attention [ 45 ]. Peaks in reaction time variability are thought to reflect the degree of attentional disengagement from the task [ 58 ]. Similarly, errors of omission, a factor used to calculate A’, are proposed to index complete inattention to and disengagement from the task at hand [ 46 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minds “At Attention”: Mindfulness Training Curbs Attentional Lapses in Military Cohorts

et al. 2015

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We investigated the impact of mindfulness training (MT) on attentional performance lapses associated with task-unrelated thought (i.e., mind wandering). Periods of persistent and intensive demands may compromise attention and increase off-task thinking. Here, we investigated if MT may mitigate these deleterious effects and promote cognitive resilience in military cohorts enduring a high-demand interval of predeployment training. To better understand which aspects of MT programs are most beneficial, three military cohorts were examined. Two of the three groups were provided MT. One group received an 8-hour, 8-week variant of Mindfulness-based Mind Fitness Training (MMFT) emphasizing engagement in training exercises (training-focused MT, n = 40), a second group received a didactic-focused variant emphasizing content regarding stress and resilience (didactic-focused MT, n = 40), and the third group served as a no-training control (NTC, n = 24). Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART) performance was indexed in all military groups and a no-training civilian group (CIV, n = 45) before (T1) and after (T2) the MT course period. Attentional performance (measured by A’, a sensitivity index) was lower in NTC vs. CIV at T2, suggesting that performance suffers after enduring a high-demand predeployment interval relative to a similar time period of civilian life. Yet, there were significantly fewer performance lapses in the military cohorts receiving MT relative to NTC, with training-focused MT outperforming didactic-focused MT at T2. From T1 to T2, A’ degraded in NTC and didactic-focused MT but remained stable in training-focused MT and CIV. In sum, while protracted periods of high-demand military training may increase attentional performance lapses, practice-focused MT programs akin to training-focused MT may bolster attentional performance more than didactic-focused programs. As such, training-focused MT programs should be further examined in cohorts experiencing protracted high-demand intervals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minds “At Attention”: Mindfulness Training Curbs Attentional Lapses in Military Cohorts

et al. 2015

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“…Acquiring a sense of agency is considered a fundamental step in cognitive development (Ruvolo et al, 2015) as well as in human evolutionary adaptation (Taylor et al, 2014). The experience of a lower sense of agency can impair behavioral performances on cognitive tasks (Schooler et al, 2014), cause a loss of awareness (Berberian et al, 2017), and negatively impact the quality of everyday life (Bandura, 2006;Renes and Aarts, 2017) and mental health (Moore and Fletcher, 2012;de Bézenac et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prospective Sense of Agency is Rooted in Local and Global Properties of Intrinsic Functional Brain Networks

Plinio

Perrucci

Ebisch

2020

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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The sense of agency (SoA) refers to a constitutional aspect of the self describing the extent to which individuals feel in control over their actions and consequences thereof. Although the SoA has been associated with mental health and well-being, it is still unknown how interindividual variability in the SoA is embedded in the intrinsic brain organization. We hypothesized that the prospective component of an implicit SoA is associated with brain networks related to SoA and sensorimotor predictions on multiple spatial scales. We replicated previous findings by showing a significant prospective SoA as indicated by intentional binding effects. Then, using task-free fMRI and graph analysis, we analyzed associations between intentional binding effects and the intrinsic brain organization at regional, modular, and whole-brain scales. The results showed that intermodular connections of a frontoparietal module including the premotor cortex, supramarginal gyrus, and dorsal precuneus are associated with individual differences in prospective intentional binding. Notably, prospective intentional binding effects were also related to global brain modularity within a specific structural resolution range. These findings suggest that an implicit SoA generated through sensorimotor predictions relies on the intrinsic organization of the brain connectome on both local and global scales.

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“…It is important to note that MW in general is thought to have some evolutionary use, possibly helping to solve problems or lower cognitive fatigue ( Mooneyham and Schooler, 2013 ; Gouraud et al, 2017a ). More particularly, task-related MW could allow future planning ( Schooler et al, 2014 ). Task-unrelated MW is more likely to occur in monotonous environments ( Eastwood et al, 2012 ), or when operators perform familiar ( Bastian et al, 2017 ) or long tasks ( Smallwood and Schooler, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Out of the Loop, in Your Bubble: Mind Wandering Is Independent From Automation Reliability, but Influences Task Engagement

Gouraud

Delorme

Berberian

2018

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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This study examined the influence of automation reliability on task-unrelated mind wandering (MW) frequency and the impact of MW on task engagement. Automated environment features make it particularly prone to increase MW frequency. Through mechanisms like complacency or agency, automating a task could increase MW frequency for the operator. For safety-critical industries, the lower perception and degraded stimuli processing associated with MW, summarized by the term “decoupling hypothesis,” are particularly concerning. Sixteen participants supervised an autopilot avoiding obstacles with two levels of reliability. Each condition lasted 45 min. We recorded thoughts as either pertaining to being focused, task-related MW or task-unrelated MW. We also recorded perceived mental demand, trust regarding the autopilot and oculometric measures. Based on questionnaire results, our protocol succeeded in inducing more mental demand and lower trust when the automation was unreliable. Attentional states were not correlated, nor did it influence trust in the system reliability. On the contrary, mental demand ratings and pupil diameter were lower during both task-related and task-unrelated MW, compared to those during the focus attentional state. This shows that perceptual decoupling also affects the engagement of operators in automated environments, which may dramatically lower their ability to supervise automation efficiently. This research informs human-automation designers to consider operator engagement when creating automated systems.

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The Middle Way

Cited by 98 publications

References 75 publications

Minds “At Attention”: Mindfulness Training Curbs Attentional Lapses in Military Cohorts

Minds “At Attention”: Mindfulness Training Curbs Attentional Lapses in Military Cohorts

The Prospective Sense of Agency is Rooted in Local and Global Properties of Intrinsic Functional Brain Networks

Out of the Loop, in Your Bubble: Mind Wandering Is Independent From Automation Reliability, but Influences Task Engagement

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