The Missing Link in COS Metabolism: A Model Study on the Reactivation of Carbonic Anhydrase from its Hydrosulfide Analogue

Notni, Johannes; Schenk, Stephan; Protoschill‐Krebs, G.; Kesselmeier, J.; Anders, Ernst

doi:10.1002/cbic.200600436

Cited by 52 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…We came to similar conclusions investigating the uptake of COS by decaying leaf litter (no active stomata) with decreasing uptake of COS under high respiration rates (Kesselmeier and Hubert, 2002). Furthermore, studies modeling the consumption of COS by carbonic anhydrase (Schenk et al, 2004;Notni et al, 2007) demonstrate the similarity of the enzymatic handling of COS as compared to CO 2 . If we have to assume that CO 2 and COS compete for the same binding site, we cannot exclude competitive inhibition, especially as we measured under an 800 ppm growth regime.…”

Section: Leaf Conductances Deposition Velocities and Ca Activitiessupporting

confidence: 69%

“…The biological background for the uptake of COS by vegetation is understood to be the combined action of the carboxylation enzymes Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylaseoxygenase (Rubisco; EC 4.1.1.39), Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase (PEP-Co; EC 4.1.1.31) and the key enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA; EC 4.2.1.1), which were previously reported to be involved in the exchange of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and carbonyl sulfide (COS) (Protoschill-Krebs and Protoschill-Krebs et al, 1995Schenk et al, 2004;Yonemura et al, 2005;Notni et al, 2007). This enzymatic model consisting of three enzymes assigns a key role for CA and has been confirmed very recently by Stimler et al (2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Observations of the uptake of carbonyl sulfide (COS) by trees under elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations

et al. 2012

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Abstract. Global change forces ecosystems to adapt to elevated atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). We understand that carbonyl sulfide (COS), a trace gas which is involved in building up the stratospheric sulfate aerosol layer, is taken up by vegetation with the same triad of the enzymes which are metabolizing CO 2 , i.e. ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEP-Co) and carbonic anhydrase (CA). Therefore, we discuss a physiological/biochemical acclimation of these enzymes affecting the sink strength of vegetation for COS. We investigated the acclimation of two European tree species, Fagus sylvatica and Quercus ilex, grown inside chambers under elevated CO 2 , and determined the exchange characteristics and the content of CA after a 1-2 yr period of acclimation from 350 ppm to 800 ppm CO 2 . We demonstrate that a compensation point, by definition, does not exist. Instead, we propose to discuss a point of uptake affinity (PUA). The results indicate that such a PUA, the CA activity and the deposition velocities may change and may cause a decrease of the COS uptake by plant ecosystems, at least as long as the enzyme acclimation to CO 2 is not surpassed by an increase of atmospheric COS. As a consequence, the atmospheric COS level may rise causing an increase of the radiative forcing in the troposphere. However, this increase is counterbalanced by the stronger input of this trace gas into the stratosphere causing a stronger energy reflection by the stratospheric sulfur aerosol into space (Brühl et al., 2012). These data are very preliminary but may trigger a discussion on COS uptake acclimation to foster measurements with modern analytical instruments.

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Section: Leaf Conductances Deposition Velocities and Ca Activitiessupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations of the uptake of carbonyl sulfide (COS) by trees under elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations

et al. 2012

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“…Some of the enzymes involved in CO 2 assimilation by leaves 5 (mainly carbonic anhydrase, CA) also efficiently destroy OCS, so that leaves consume OCS whenever they are assimilating CO 2 , (Protoschill-Krebs and Kesselmeier, 1992;Schenk et al, 2004;Notni et al, 2007). Moreover, because the two molecules diffuse from the atmosphere to the enzymes along a shared pathway, the rates of OCS and CO 2 uptake tend to be closely related (Seibt et al, 2010) -although the rate of OCS is about 1 million times lower than that of CO 2 , owing to the ratio of their natural 10 abundances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reviews and Syntheses: Carbonyl Sulfide as a Multi-scale Tracer for Carbon and Water Cycles

Whelan¹,

Lennartz²,

Gimeno³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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113

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Abstract. For the past decade, observations of carbonyl sulfide (OCS or COS) have been investigated as a proxy for carbon uptake by plants. OCS is destroyed by enzymes that interact with CO 2 during 25 photosynthesis, namely carbonic anhydrase (CA) and RuBisCO, where CA is the more important. The majority of sources of OCS to the atmosphere are geographically separated from this large plant sink, whereas the sources and sinks of CO 2 are co-located in ecosystems. The drawdown of OCS can therefore be related to the uptake of CO 2 without the added complication of co-located emissions comparable in magnitude. Here we review the state of our understanding of the global OCS cycle and 30 its applications to ecosystem carbon cycle science. OCS uptake is correlated well to plant carbon uptake, especially at the regional scale. OCS can be used in conjunction with other independent measures of ecosystem function, like solar-induced fluorescence and carbon and water isotope studies.More work needs to be done to generate global coverage for OCS observations and to link this powerful Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi

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“…The uptake of OCS from the atmosphere is thought to be dominated by the activity of carbonic anhydrase (CA), an enzyme abundant in leaves, which also catalyzes CO2 hydration during photosynthesis (ProtoschillKrebs and Kesselmeier, 1992;Protoschill-Krebs et al, 1996;Notni et al, 2007). The OCS taken up by leaves undergoes 20 hydration catalyzed by CA, which leads to the virtually irreversible formation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and is regarded as a unidirectional exchange.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, carbonic anhydrase (CA), which is abundant in most heterotrophic and autotrophic organisms, is assumed to consume OCS (Notni et al, 2007, Blezinger et al, 1999, Protoschill-Krebs et al, 1996. We specifically selected a 25 representative mid-latitude mineral soil and, in contrast, organic-rich soil horizons from a spruce forest to investigate the effect of autotrophic and heterotrophic life-forms on OCS consumption.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) exchange between soils and the atmosphere affected by soil moisture and compensation points

Bunk

Behrendt

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) is a chemically quite stable gas in the troposphere (lifetime ~2-6 years) and consequently some of it is transported up to the stratosphere where it contributes to the stratospheric sulfate layer. Due to the similarities in uptake mechanism between OCS and CO2, the use of OCS as a proxy for CO2 in ecosystem gross primary production (GPP) has been proposed. For this application a good understanding of uptake (UOCS) and production (POCS) processes of OCS in an 15 ecosystem is required. A new OCS quantum cascade laser coupled with an automated soil chamber system enabled us to measure the soil-atmosphere OCS exchange of four different soil samples with high precision. The adjustment of the chamber air to different OCS mixing ratios (50, 500, and 1000 ppt) allowed us to separate production and consumption processes and to estimate compensation points (CPs) for the OCS exchange. At an atmospheric mixing ratio of 1000 ppt, the maximum UOCS was of the order of 22 to 110 pmol g -1 h -1 for needle forest soil samples and of the order of 3 to 5 pmol g -1 h -1 20 for an agricultural mineral soil, both measured at moderate soil moisture. Uptake processes (UOCS) were dominant at all soil moistures for the forest soils, while POCS exceeded UOCS at higher soil moistures for the agricultural soil, resulting in net emission. Hence, our results indicate that in (spruce) forests UOCS might be the dominant process, while in agricultural soils POCS at higher soil moisture and UOCS under moderate soil moisture seem to dominate the OCS exchange. The OCS compensation points (CPs) were highly dependent on soil water content and extended over a wide range of 130 ppt to 1600 25 ppt for the forest soils and 450 ppt to 5500 ppt for the agricultural soil. The strong dependency between soil water content and the compensation point value must be taken into account for all further analyses. The lowest CPs were found at about 20% water filled pore space (WFPSlab), implying the maximum of UOCS under these soil moisture conditions and excluding OCS emission under such conditions. We discuss our results in view of other studies about compensation points and the potential contribution of microbial groups. 30

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The Missing Link in COS Metabolism: A Model Study on the Reactivation of Carbonic Anhydrase from its Hydrosulfide Analogue

Cited by 52 publications

References 65 publications

Observations of the uptake of carbonyl sulfide (COS) by trees under elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations

Observations of the uptake of carbonyl sulfide (COS) by trees under elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations

Reviews and Syntheses: Carbonyl Sulfide as a Multi-scale Tracer for Carbon and Water Cycles

Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) exchange between soils and the atmosphere affected by soil moisture and compensation points

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