The Mode of Action of Phosphine

Nakakita, Hiroshi

doi:10.1584/jpestics.12.299

Cited by 44 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In insects the acute toxic action of phosphine is dependent on oxygen (Bond et al 1967, Kashi 1981, and a number of studies have demonstrated that phosphine is a respiratory poison for insects (Cherfurka et al 1976, Kashi 1981. A significant biochemical target for phosphine is cytochrome oxidase in mitochondria (Price and Dance 1983), although when insects were treated with lethal doses of phosphine, their cytochrome oxidase was inhibited by no more than SO%, indicating that inhibition of this enzyme was not directly responsible for the mortality (Nakakita 1987). Subsequently, this inhibition of cytochrome oxidase has been demonstrated to result in the generation of superoxide K .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interaction of phosphine with haemoglobin and erythrocytes

et al. 1992

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

1. Phosphine progressively converts oxyhaemoglobin to methaemoglobin and hemichrome species, with the product formed being time- and concentration-dependent. 2. The reaction of phosphine with oxyhaemoglobin leads to the formation of phosphite and phosphate. 3. Incubation of rat erythrocytes with various concentrations of phosphine results in the progressive uptake of phosphine by the erythrocytes in a temperature-dependent first-order process. 4. Uptake of phosphine by erythrocytes causes crenation, but conversion of oxyhaemoglobin to methaemoglobin and hemichrome could not be demonstrated.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interaction of phosphine with haemoglobin and erythrocytes

et al. 1992

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To achieve complete mortality in phosphine-resistant and susceptible adults of T. castaneum, doses of 200 and 150 Gy, respectively, were required. Phosphine is known to interact with components of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and the terminal mitochondrial re- spiratory enzyme cytochrome c oxidase has been regarded as the biochemical target of phosphine in insects (Nakakita 1987). The toxicity of phosphine in insects, however, is considered to arise from its inhibitory effects on the antioxidant enzymes catalase and peroxidase and interactions with oxygen metabolism that lead to the generation of reactive oxyradicals (Bolter and Chefurka, 1990a,b;Chaudhry 1991Chaudhry , 1997Chaudhry , 2000Chaudhry and Price 1992;Lall et al 2000;Quistad et al 2000;Hsu et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft-Electron Beam and Gamma-Radiation Sensitivity and DNA Damage in Phosphine-Resistant and -Susceptible Strains of <I>Rhyzopertha dominica</I>

Hasan¹,

Todoriki²,

Miyanoshita³

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The soft-electron beam (low-energy electrons) and gamma-radiation sensitivities of phosphine-resistant (PHR) and -susceptible (PHS) strains of adults lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) were studied, with particular reference to DNA damage assessed using single-cell electrophoresis (comet assay). Results showed that mortality in adult R. dominica varied significantly between both PHR and PHS strains. Adults of the PHR strain were found to be more tolerant toward soft-electron and gamma radiation than adults of the PHS strain. Studies on the longevity of strains showed that mean survival time and dose rate were highly correlated with both strains and treatments. Results also showed that adults of the PHR strain lived longer than adults of PHS strain for both treatments. Radiation sensitivity indices, however, decreased as radiation dose increased in both strains. Analysis of DNA damage, after 40- and 160-Gy gamma radiation, was carried out using cells obtained from both strains. Gamma-irradiated adults of both strains showed typical DNA fragmentation, compared with cells from nonirradiated adults, which showed more intact DNA. Investigations using the comet assay showed that tail length, moment, olive-tail moment, percentage of tail DNA, and percentage of DNA damage were all greater in the PHS strain compared with the PHR strain and the control insects. Results also showed that DNA damage remained at a constant level for up to 24 h after irradiation. The results have been discussed in relation to the observed strain differences in radiation sensitivity and resistance to phosphine.

show abstract

“…Since that time, in vitro studies, both animal and insect, have shown that the respiratory enzyme, cytochrome c oxidase, may be the specific site of action (Bolter and Chefurka, 1990;Chaudhry, 1997;Kashi and Chefurka, 1976;Price, 1980). On the other hand, in vivo treatment of insects with lethal dose levels of phosphine (Nakakita, 1987) showed no more than 50% inhibition of the enzyme. Further work showed that this level of respiratory enzyme inhibition was sufficient to generate superoxide anions (Bolter and Chefurka, 1990) and these authors suggested that the toxicity of phosphine was due to free radical damage.…”

Section: Cytochromes and Cytochrome Oxidasementioning

confidence: 99%