The mode of infection and early stages of colonization of pines by Gremmeniella abietina

Patton, R. F.; Spear, R. N.; Blenis, Peter V.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0329.1984.tb00163.x

Cited by 35 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Ascocarps will form 3 years after infection or later. Infection by G. abietina proceeds several weeks after spore germination when it penetrates the periderm and subsequently invades shoot tissues by the end of the growing season (Lang and Schütt 1974, Siepmann 1976, Patton et al 1984. During their first growing season Scots pine seedlings are most susceptible to infection when buds form (Petäistö 1999).…”

Section: Scleroderris Cankermentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal diseases in forest nurseries in Finland

Lilja¹,

Poteri²,

Petäistö³

et al. 2010

Silva Fenn.

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Norway spruce (Picea abies), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and silver birch (Betula pendula) are the major tree species grown in Finnish forest nurseries where 99% of the seedlings are grown in containers first in plastic-covered greenhouses and later outdoors. The main diseases on conifer seedlings are Scleroderris canker (Gremmeniella abietina), Sirococcus blight and cankers (Sirococcus conigenum), snow blights (Herpotrichia juniperi and Phacidium infestans) and needle casts (Lophodermium seditiosum and Meria laricis). Also grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) and birch rust (Melampsoridium betulinum) are among the diseases to be controlled with fungicides. During last years Scleroderris canker has been a problem on Norway spruce, which has been since 2000 the most common species produced in Finnish nurseries. Root die-back (uninucleate Rhizoctonia sp.) on container-grown spruce and pine was a problem in the 1990s. Today the disease has become less common in modern nurseries due to improvements in hygiene and cultivation practice. Since 1991 stem lesions and top dying caused by Phytophthora cactorum has been a problem on birch. The ongoing climate change has already had effect on rusts and powdery mildews as well as other fungi infecting leaves. All diseases, which gain high precipitation and warm and long autumns. For same reasons winter stored seedlings need sprayings against grey mold. Fungal infections are also possible during short-day (SD) treatment, that is necessary for summer and autumn plantings and a beneficial step prior freezing temperatures outside or in freezer storage. Growers are encouraged to use cultural and integrated pest management techniques such as better nursery hygiene, including removing plant debris in nursery growing areas and hot water washing of containers plus removal of diseased, spore-producing seedlings and trees around the nursery.

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Section: Scleroderris Cankermentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal diseases in forest nurseries in Finland

Lilja¹,

Poteri²,

Petäistö³

et al. 2010

Silva Fenn.

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“…abietina infects and sparsely colonizes bracts of the current season's shoots during the growing season. It does not cross the periderm layer to invade the living cortical tissue until the end of the tree's dormant period (Lang & Schutt, 1974;Patton, Spear & Blenis, 1984), Two Hormonema Lagerberg & Melin species were selected as potential antagonists because they could be frequently isolated from bracts of Scots pine shoots. Further, both species belong to a Aureobasidium/Hormonema species complex (Hermanides-NijhofT, 1977), members of w^hich dominate the epiphytic fungal flora on pine needles and mountain birch [Betula puhescens ssp.…”

Section: Introduction Endophytic Fungi and Bacteria Living On Norwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

The host‐pathogen system of Gremmeniella abietina (Lagerb.) Morelet and Scots pine; effects of non‐pathogenic phyllosphere fungi, acid rain and environmental factors

Ranta

Neuvonen

1994

New Phytologist

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S i; M M .'\ R YScots pine seedlings (1-yr-old) were inoculated eitbe;-once, or three times, with the conidia of two saprophytic Hormonema species. After these inoculations, the seedlings were inoculated later with conidia of the pathogenic fungus Gremmeniella abietina (Lagerb.) Morelet. Seedlings received irrigation with simulated acid rain at pH 3, with water of pH 6, or no irrigation, during and after the inoculation treatments. The severity of tbe symptoms caused by G. abietina, and the isolation frequency of endophytic (symptomless) G. abietina and the saprophytes, were measured 11 months after G. abietina inoculation. The isolation frequencies of the two Hormonema species increased significantly in the seedlings inoculated three times witb saprophyte conidia. Irrigation treatments did not affect tbe saprophytes. The disease symptoms caused by G. abietma were positively correlated with tree density. Symptomless G. abietina was isolated most often from the seedlings that had received irrigation at pH 6. The isolation frequency was lowest in seedlings with acidic irrigation. The seedlings inoculated tbree times with conidia of Hormonerrta sp. 1 bad a lower frequency of G. abietina isolations than other seedlings, but the difference was not statistically significant.

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“…The fungus must first cross the periderm layer in order to penetrate into the living cortical tissue. Secondly, it must endure the biochemical environment of the shoot (Patton et al 1984, Uotila 1988. In this study the mycelium was inserted directly into the living tissue.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of Six Scots Pine Clones to the Pathogenic Fungus Gremmeniella abietina

Ranta

Pulkkinen

Neuvonen³

2000

Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research

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and 2 The Foundation for Forest Tree Breeding, Haapastensyrjä Breeding Centre, FIN-12600, Läyliäinen, Finland). Susceptibility of six Scots pine clones to the pathogenic fungus Gremmeniella abietina.Genotypic variation in susceptibility to Gremmeniella abietina, an economically important fungal pathogen of conifers, was studied by artificially inoculating 23-yr-old grafted plants of six Scots pine (Pinus syl6estris L.) clones in a seed orchard. Two fungal isolates were used. The mycelium was inserted into the current year shoots in late winter and the length of the necrotic lesion caused by the fungus was measured the next spring. The growth and male flower production of the experimental shoots were also measured. The development of symptoms did not vary among the clones, but the location of the grafts within the orchard statistically significantly affected the length of necrosis. The clones differed significantly in regard to height and the production of male and female flowers. Differences in flowering intensity among the clones were not connected with the development of G. abietina. At the level of the single shoot, the production of male flowers correlated positively with the length of necrosis. The length of necrosis correlated negatively with the length of current and previous year shoots. The ability of the two fungal isolates to cause necrosis differed significantly.

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The mode of infection and early stages of colonization of pines by Gremmeniella abietina

Cited by 35 publications

References 12 publications

Fungal diseases in forest nurseries in Finland

Fungal diseases in forest nurseries in Finland

The host‐pathogen system of Gremmeniella abietina (Lagerb.) Morelet and Scots pine; effects of non‐pathogenic phyllosphere fungi, acid rain and environmental factors

Susceptibility of Six Scots Pine Clones to the Pathogenic Fungus Gremmeniella abietina

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