The mode of occurrence and concentration of trace elements in coal

Raask, E.

doi:10.1016/0360-1285(85)90001-2

Cited by 197 publications

(243 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The measured physical properties are quite different from previously reported results 6,7) at high temperature of around 1 873 K. Namely, the contact angle generally decreases with time in the most of reports, especially in case of coke substrate. This decrease is believed to be due to SiC formation.…”

Section: Variation Of Densitycontrasting

confidence: 54%

Behavior of Ironmaking Slag Permeation to Carbonaceous Material Layer

et al. 2006

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An understanding of slag/carbon interaction is of great importance due to their extensive application in a number of metallurgical process, such as blast furnace ironmaking and direct reduction ironmaking processes. Along with the improvement of blast furnace operation, many attentions have been also paid for direct reduction ironmaking processes to meet the recent severe supply conditions of resources, energy and environmental restriction. Most of direct reduction ironmaking processes had generally used natural gas as a reducing agent so that ironmaking plants were forced to locate near the natural gas production area. This restriction deteriorated the versatility of the process and market competitiveness.Thus the development of the direct reduction ironmaking process based on coal is strongly asked for, since the coal production areas are widely spread all over the world and the cost is quite low compared with natural gas. Many efforts were paid and several industrial processes 7-9) have been working now to meet these demands. Control of the reaction between coal and liquid iron or coal and formed slag (carburization reaction and/or slag/metal separation) is very critical in these processes to make the stable operation and improve its production efficiency.Recently, Ohno et al. 8,9) found that the carburization re-

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Section: Variation Of Densitycontrasting

confidence: 54%

Behavior of Ironmaking Slag Permeation to Carbonaceous Material Layer

et al. 2006

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“…Ramsden [50] suggested possible fragmentation of rapidly heated mineral inclusions by the evolution of gaseous products of decomposition. An experimental study by Raask [82] found that the silicate minerals, quartz, illite and muscovite, do not fracture when rapidly heated in a laboratory h a c e . However, pyrite and the carbonate minerals, particularly iron carbonate, tend to fragment and disintegrate when the particles are subjected to high heating rates.…”

Section: Fragmentation (I) Charfiagmentionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Mechanisms of Submicron and Residual Ash Particle Formation during Pulverised Coal Combustion: A Comprehensive Review

Liu

et al. 2005

Dev. Chem. Eng. Mineral Process.

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“…This is the accepted view. 1 An alternative view is that the crystalline phases present in¯y ashes may form, not directly by solid state reaction, but upon cooling by crystallisation of a largely amorphous glass melt. In this case, equilibrium phase diagrams could be employed to make predictions as to what crystalline phases should form on cooling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The crystalline phases are widely regarded as forming by direct solid state reaction from the mineral phases present in the coal. 1 The types of crystal phase, the amount present and the distribution therefore directly re¯ect the mineral content of the original coal and the combustion technology. This is the accepted view.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal analysis of fly ashes sourced from European non‐blended coals

Stanton¹,

Towler²,

Mooney³

et al. 2002

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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Fly ashes exist as a mixture of major amorphous phases and minor crystalline phases. For commercial applications, such as in concretes and for the production of zeolites, it would be desirable to be able to predict the reactivity of¯y ashes. The amorphous phase dominates degradation behaviour, because glasses have a higher potential energy than the equivalent crystal structure and the variation of bond angles and distances in a glass make the bond breakage easier. Despite the large quantities of¯y ash produced annually by coal-burning power plants, there have been very few studies investigating the microstructure and composition of the amorphous component. In particular, there has been little research undertaken in measuring the glass transition temperature (T g ), which can be directly correlated to the chemical reactivity of the glass phase. Thirteen European¯y ashes were used for the present study. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was employed to determine the presence of transition temperatures and any other thermal events (exotherms or endotherms) in the glassy phase of the¯y ashes. Several different but distinct behaviours were evident in the DSC traces with T g values visible for six of the ashes. The results suggest that thermal analysis has potential as a technique for¯y ash characterisation.

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The mode of occurrence and concentration of trace elements in coal

Cited by 197 publications

References 19 publications

Behavior of Ironmaking Slag Permeation to Carbonaceous Material Layer

Behavior of Ironmaking Slag Permeation to Carbonaceous Material Layer

Mechanisms of Submicron and Residual Ash Particle Formation during Pulverised Coal Combustion: A Comprehensive Review

Thermal analysis of fly ashes sourced from European non‐blended coals

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