The Model Minority Maze: Hmong Americans Working Within and Around Racial Discourses

Lee, Stacey; Xiong, Choua; Pheng, Linda M.; Vang, Mai Neng

doi:10.7771/2153-8999.1153

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Anti‐Blackness is foundational to the nation and pervasive across time and space, and, therefore, a deep understanding of anti‐Black racism is important in developing cross‐racial solidarity. Immigrant and refugee communities in the U.S. must acknowledge the Black and white racial paradigm that has framed this nation in order to understand their own racial positioning (Lee et al 2017). That said, Black people and SEAAs have distinct, albeit at times connected, histories that need to be recognized.…”

Section: Making Sense and Moving Forwardmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In arguing that anti‐Asian racism is distinct, we are not denying that racialization is a relational process and that the racialization of Asian Americans is connected to the racialization of Black people (Lee et al 2017; Kim 1999, 2003). Indeed, we do not challenge the idea that anti‐Blackness is foundational and pervasive.…”

Section: Making Sense and Moving Forwardmentioning

confidence: 99%

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“Asians for Black Lives, Not Asians for Asians”: Building Southeast Asian American and Black Solidarity

Lee

Xiong

Pheng

et al. 2020

Anthropology & Edu Quarterly

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This paper explores the possibilities and challenges of building cross‐racial solidarity between Southeast Asian American and Black communities through an ethnographic account of a community‐based educational space (CBES) working with low‐income Southeast Asian American and Black youth. CBESs can play a unique role in teaching youth to engage in anti‐racist work and building cross‐racial coalitions. We argue that attention to challenging anti‐Blackness is central to cross‐racial coalitions but should also recognize the distinct nature of anti‐Asian racism.

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Section: Making Sense and Moving Forwardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Making Sense and Moving Forwardmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Asians for Black Lives, Not Asians for Asians”: Building Southeast Asian American and Black Solidarity

Lee

Xiong

Pheng

et al. 2020

Anthropology & Edu Quarterly

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“…However, given that we did not examine the kind of racial structure or hierarchy media evoke when they talk about the US as a country, a TBD category is preferable to a ‘residual category’ since the former does not assume the existence of a particular racial structure. If this is the case (that media struggle with positioning Hmong), it would support the observation that fuzziness, ambiguity, indeterminacy, and doubleness are the signatures of Southeast Asians (Lee et al., 2017: 7). In any case, to be TBD is to be without a clear political standing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Framing racial position and political standing: Hmong Americans in the Wisconsin State Journal and the Chico Enterprise-Record

Xiong

Thornton

2020

Ethnicities

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Although membership is regarded as an important condition of immigrants’ capacities to influence the political system, the literature on immigrant political incorporation has tended to focus on formal citizenship status, giving the impression that other forms of membership matter less for immigrants’ political capacity. Arguing for the need to account for ethnic groups’ perceived racial position within local contexts, this paper explores how media outlets, as public institutions, construct the identity of Hmong Americans in ways that affect their political standing. Using a textual analysis approach, we examine how two newspapers within two US communities frame Hmong’s group identity. Our findings show that the papers situate Hmong within a field of racial positions, albeit, not in the same ways that past research predicts would apply to Asian Americans. While differing in the particulars, the two newspapers are quite similar in the frames they use to depict Hmong Americans: civic ostracism, racial ambiguity, and threat. The media neither refer to Hmong as Asians nor valorize them vis-a-vis another racial category. Nevertheless, media representations frequently sully Hmong as a threat to the community. We discuss the implications of our findings for immigrant political incorporation.

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“…Asian Americans are often cast as the ‘model minority’ in which they are perceived as more academically and economically successful in society compared to other racial minorities [ 24–26 ]. This has been particularly harmful to marginalized groups within the Asian diaspora [ 27 ]. These perceptions have led to the exclusion of Asian American students from DEI efforts and support.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing Asian American medical students’ experiences with microaggression and the impact on their well-being

Zhang,

An,

Chen

et al. 2023

Medical Education Online

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Purpose This mixed-methods study quantified and characterized incidents of microaggressions experienced by Asian American medical students. The authors report on their impact and suggest improvements to create a more equitable and supportive learning environment. Method Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from 305 participants who self-identified as Asian American or Pacific Islander. An online, anonymous survey was sent to US medical students through the Asian Pacific American Medical Student Association (APAMSA). Questions explored incidence, characteristics of, and response to microaggressions. We conducted four focus groups to further characterize students’ experiences. Data were organized and coded, and thematic analysis was used to identify core themes. Results Racial microaggressions were prevalent among Asian American medical students. Nearly 70% ( n = 213) of survey respondents reported experiencing at least one incident during their medical training to date. The most common perpetrators were patients ( n = 151, 70.9%) and fellow medical students ( n = 126, 59.2%), followed by professors ( n = 90, 42.3%). The most prevalent themes included being perceived as a perpetual foreigner, the assumption of timidness, and ascription of the model minority myth. Students rarely reported the incident and usually did not respond immediately due to fear of retaliation, uncertainties about the experience or how to respond appropriately, and perception that they would bear the burden of advocacy alone. Experiences with microaggressions led to feelings of frustration and burnout and had a negative impact on mental health. Recommendations were made to improve the anonymous reporting systems in medical schools, and to increase diversity and inclusion in medical education and leadership. Conclusions Asian American medical students face high exposure to racial microaggressions during their medical education that adversely impact their mental health. Changes are needed in medical training to create a more equitable and inclusive learning environment.

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The Model Minority Maze: Hmong Americans Working Within and Around Racial Discourses

Cited by 22 publications

References 31 publications

“Asians for Black Lives, Not Asians for Asians”: Building Southeast Asian American and Black Solidarity

“Asians for Black Lives, Not Asians for Asians”: Building Southeast Asian American and Black Solidarity

Framing racial position and political standing: Hmong Americans in the Wisconsin State Journal and the Chico Enterprise-Record

Characterizing Asian American medical students’ experiences with microaggression and the impact on their well-being

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