The model of low impact development of a sponge airport: a case study of Beijing Daxing International Airport

Abstract

A sponge airport is a new concept of airport stormwater management, which can effectively relieve airport flooding and promote the usage of rainwater resources, often including the application of low impact development (LID) facilities. Although many airports in China have been chosen to implement sponge airport construction, there is a lack of quantitative evaluation on the effect of LID facilities. This paper takes Beijing Daxing International Airport as a case study and develops a comprehensive evaluation on the effect of LID facilities using the storm water management model (SWMM). The performance of four LID design scenarios with different locations and sizes of the rain barrel, the vegetative swale, the green roof, and the storage tank were analyzed. After LID, the water depth of J7 reduces from 0.6 m to 0.2 m, and duration of accumulated water reduces from 5 hours to 2.5 hours. The water depth of J17 reduces from 0.5 m to 0.1 m, and duration of accumulated water reduces from 2 hours to 15 minutes. The capacity of conduits has been greatly improved (Link 7 and Link 17). The application of LID facilities greatly improves rainwater removal capacity and effectively alleviates the waterlogging risk in the study area.

Addressing Challenges of Urban Water Management in Chinese Sponge Cities via Nature-Based Solutions

“…3. Long term (from 2020 to 2030), which implement SCP in urban development and planning strategies (e.g., urban master plans), aiming at more than 80% of municipal areas having SCP infrastructures towards the end of the 2030s [59]. The SCP aims to restore the urban hydro-system using eco-friendly measures (i.e., Green or Blue-Green/Grey policies and integrated infrastructure systems) that collect, manage, and reuse urban water [58].…”

“…By the end of 2016, 30 cities-Wuhan, Chongqing, Xiamen, Beijing, Tianjin, Dalian, Shanghai, Ningbo, Shenzhen, Sanya, and Gui'an New District-had been selected as pilot Sponge Cities according to the various climatic (precipitation patterns-South, East, Mid-West, North, and North-East), topographic (e.g., mountainous, coastal, lowland, etc. ), and socio-economic conditions (e.g., selection from population sizes across megacities with 10 million or more, large cities (with 6-8 million), medium cities (with 3-5 million), and small cities (with 1-2 million)) [59]. The National Government has initiated short-, medium-, and long-term development targets to deliver SCP as follows:…”

“…3. Long term (from 2020 to 2030), which implement SCP in urban development and planning strategies (e.g., urban master plans), aiming at more than 80% of municipal areas having SCP infrastructures towards the end of the 2030s [59]. Table 2 illustrates the functions and roles of stakeholders in the SCP delivery at the municipal level for all the pilot cities for the SCP delivery.…”

“…Climate change is now bringing more extreme weather worldwide and rendering the assumption of hydroclimatic stationarity untenable. This increases uncertainties in near-and, especially, long-term forecasts for the frequency and intensity of both urban floods and droughts [59]. Meanwhile, rapid urbanization is not only changing urban and peri-urban surfaces but also significantly altering urban micro-climates [57].…”

Innovations in Best Practices: Approaches to Managing Urban Areas and Reducing Flood Risk in Reggio Calabria (Italy)

“…One of the most used open-source tools is the Storm Water Management Mode (SWMM) [47,48]. This model presents versatility, relatively low demand of data, no time step limit, and no scale limit [49]. For these reasons, the SWMM model has been widely used for the simulation of storm drain networks and LID techniques [24,[50][51][52].…”