The modern FPGA as discriminator, TDC and ADC

Varner, G.

doi:10.1088/1748-0221/1/07/p07001

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…A global station (or payload, in the case of ANITA) trigger is formed using a combinatoric decision based on a minimum number of antenna-level (or intermediate) triggers in a causal time window determined by the geometry of the antenna array. This method has low implementation overhead as it only requires a perantenna square-law detector and a single field-programmable gate array (FPGA) chip to perform the thresholding and trigger logic [23,24].…”

Section: Radio Array Triggeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and performance of an interferometric trigger array for radio detection of high-energy neutrinos

Allison

Archambault

Bard

et al. 2019

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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Ultra-high energy neutrinos are detectable through impulsive radio signals generated through interactions in dense media, such as ice. Subsurface in-ice radio arrays are a promising way to advance the observation and measurement of astrophysical high-energy neutrinos with energies above those discovered by the IceCube detector (≥ 1 PeV) as well as cosmogenic neutrinos created in the GZK process (≥ 100 PeV). Here we describe the NuPhase detector, which is a compact receiving array of low-gain antennas deployed 185 m deep in glacial ice near the South Pole. Signals from the antennas are digitized and coherently summed into multiple beams to form a low-threshold interferometric phased array trigger for radio impulses. The NuPhase detector was installed at an Askaryan Radio Array (ARA) station during the 2017/18 Austral summer season. In situ measurements with an impulsive, point-source calibration instrument show a 50% trigger efficiency on impulses with voltage signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) of ≤2.0, a factor of ∼1.8 improvement in SNR over the standard ARA combinatoric trigger. Hardware-level simulations, validated with in situ measurements, predict a trigger threshold of an SNR as low as 1.6 for neutrino interactions that are in the far field of the array. With the already-achieved NuPhase trigger performance included in ARASim, a detector simulation for the ARA experiment, we find the trigger-level effective detector volume is increased by a factor of 1.8 at neutrino energies between 10 and 100 PeV compared to the currently used ARA combinatoric trigger. We also discuss an achievable near term path toward lowering the trigger threshold further to an SNR of 1.0, which would increase the effective single-station volume by more than a factor of 3 in the same range of neutrino energies. * Corresponding Author

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Section: Radio Array Triggeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and performance of an interferometric trigger array for radio detection of high-energy neutrinos

Allison

Archambault

Bard

et al. 2019

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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“…The current best limits come from the AMANDA optical Cherenkov detector at the South Pole [4], and from the ANITA balloon experiment [5]. ANITA circled Antarctica twice, in 2006-7 and 2008, at an altitude of 35,000 km, looking for radio waves emitted by neutrino interactions in the Antarctic ice; ANITA currently has the most restrictive limits at energies above about 10 19 eV [5]. Other groups have looked for evidence of neutrino interactions in Greenland [6] or in the horizontal air showers in the atmosphere [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A prototype station for ARIANNA: A detector for cosmic neutrinos

Gerhardt

Klein

Stezelberger

et al. 2010

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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The Antarctic Ross Iceshelf Antenna Neutrino Array (ARIANNA) is a proposed detector for ultra-high energy astrophysical neutrinos. It will detect coherent radio Cherenkov emission from the particle showers produced by neutrinos with energies above about 10 17 eV. ARIANNA will be built on the Ross Ice Shelf just off the coast of Antarctica, where it will eventually cover about 900 km 2 in surface area. There, the ice-water interface below the shelf reflects radio waves, giving ARIANNA sensitivity to downward going neutrinos and improving its sensitivity to horizontally incident neutrinos. ARIANNA detector stations will each contain 4-8 antennas which search for brief pulses of 50 MHz to 1 GHz radio emission from neutrino interactions.We describe a prototype station for ARIANNA which was deployed in Moore"s Bay on the Ross Ice Shelf in December 2009, discuss the design and deployment, and present some initial figures on performance. The ice shelf thickness was measured to be 572  6 m at the deployment site.

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“…limit (∼ 300ps), as reported previously [9]. Moreover, the number of bits of resolution or precision can be completely configurable, which permits a trade-off of the readout latency versus required sample resolution for various applications.…”

Section: Architectural Detailsmentioning

confidence: 72%

The first version buffered large analog bandwidth (BLAB1) ASIC for high luminosity collider and extensive radio neutrino detectors

Varner

Ruckman

Wong

2008

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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Future detectors for high luminosity particle identification and ultra high energy neutrino observation would benefit from a digitizer capable of recording sensor signals with high analog bandwidth and large record depth, in a cost-effective, compact and low-power way.A first version of the Buffered Large Analog Bandwidth (BLAB1) ASIC has been designed based upon the lessons learned from the development of the Large Analog Bandwidth Recorder and Digitizer with Ordered Readout (LABRADOR) ASIC. While this LABRADOR ASIC has been very successful and forms the basis of a generation of new, large-scale radio neutrino detectors, its limited sampling depth is a major drawback. A prototype has been designed and fabricated with 64k deep sampling at multi-GSa/s operation. We present test results and directions for future evolution of this sampling technique.

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The modern FPGA as discriminator, TDC and ADC

Cited by 14 publications

References 7 publications

Design and performance of an interferometric trigger array for radio detection of high-energy neutrinos

Design and performance of an interferometric trigger array for radio detection of high-energy neutrinos

A prototype station for ARIANNA: A detector for cosmic neutrinos

The first version buffered large analog bandwidth (BLAB1) ASIC for high luminosity collider and extensive radio neutrino detectors

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