The molecular basis of P-M hybrid dysgenesis: The role of the P element, a P-strain-specific transposon family

Bingham, Paul M.; Kidwell, Margaret G.; Rubin, Gerald M.

doi:10.1016/0092-8674(82)90463-9

Cited by 536 publications

(378 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…M and M 0 strains do not exhibit any significant level of P activity. M strains are devoid of any P elements and show extremely high P susceptibility (Bingham et al, 1982). On the other hand, M 0 strains vary from extremely high to moderately low P susceptibility (Anxolabéhère et al, 1985) and possess from a few to 50 copies per genome (Anxolabéhère et al, 1984;Black et al, 1987), most of which, if not all, are defective sequences (Bingham et al, 1982;Black et al, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…P strains exhibit low to high levels of P activity potential and low levels of P susceptibility, while Q strains show extremely low levels of both P activity and P susceptibility. Both types have been shown to possess 30-50 copies of P elements per genome, of which about a third are the 2.9 kb elements and the rest are deleted derivatives (Bingham et al, 1982;Black et al, 1987;O'Hare et al, 1992). M and M 0 strains do not exhibit any significant level of P activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Copy number of P elements, KP/full-sized P element ratio and their relationships with environmental factors in Brazilian Drosophila melanogaster populations

Ruiz

Carareto

2003

Heredity

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The P transposable element copy numbers and the KP/fullsized P element ratios were determined in eight Brazilian strains of Drosophila melanogaster. Strains from tropical regions showed lower overall P element copy numbers than did strains from temperate regions. Variable numbers of full-sized and defective elements were detected, but the full-sized P and KP elements were the predominant classes of elements in all strains. The full-sized P and KP element ratios were calculated and compared with latitude. The northernmost and southernmost Brazilian strains showed fewer full-sized elements than KP elements per genome, and the strains from less extreme latitudes had many more full-sized P than KP elements. However, no clinal variation was observed. Strains from different localities, previously classified as having P cytotype, displayed a higher or a lower proportion of KP elements than of full-sized P elements, as well as an equal number of the two element types, showing that the same phenotype may be produced by different underlying genomic components of the P-M system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copy number of P elements, KP/full-sized P element ratio and their relationships with environmental factors in Brazilian Drosophila melanogaster populations

Ruiz

Carareto

2003

Heredity

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“…Most, if not all, of these sequences are defective (Bingham et a!., 1982;Black et a!., 1987;Izaabel eta!., 1987). M' strains vary for P element suscepti-bility from extremely high to moderately low (Anxolabéhère et al, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Q strains have extremely low levels of both P activity potential and P susceptibility (<5 per cent) (Kidwell, 1979). Individuals of the P type or of the Q type have 25-60 copies of P sequences (complete and/or deleted) per haploid genome (Bingham et a!., 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are Drosophila melanogaster populations under a stable geographical differentiation due to the presence of P elements?

Périquet

Ronsseray²,

Hamelin

1989

Heredity

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In order to simulate the outcome of the P-M status of Eurasian populations of Drosophila melanogaster, the evolution of experimental mixed-strains was monitored for up to 50 generations. The results were compared with the evolution in natura of European populations sampled in 1981-83 and 1986-87 over a similar period of time. Different combinations of P and M' strains, Q and M' strains, M' and M' strains and M and M' strains were set up at 25°Cand duplicated at 13°C night-21°C day. The possibility of a change towards a P type only appeared with the introduction of the strong P strain Harwich into Eurasian strains. Strains with strength similar to that of Harwich are not currently found in wild populations. With the introduction of weak P and Qstrains of the strength presently observed in western Europe, experimental populations evolved slowly towards a Qstate or a weak M' state. M'-M' mixed populations resulted in strong M' strains, as was the case for M-M' populations. In these cases. P sequences were not eliminated. In wild populations both genetic and molecular analyses showed no significant differences, over a five year period, for GD sterility potentials, for total P copy number or for distribution of the full-sized and KP elements. Changes in Eurasian populations are probably taking place at a very low rate and may even have stopped, leading to a quasi-stable differentiation over the continent. During the different steps of progressive invasion of P transposable elements, several deleted elements developed and natural selection may have acted on them. The possibility of the selection of different types of regulatory mechanisms according to the presence of different kinds of derivative elements, leading to a world-wide differentiation between P-Q and M' strains is discussed. INTRODUCTIONIn the P-M system of Drosophila melanogaster, the syndrome of hybrid dysgenesis (inducing gonadal sterility, high mutation level, etc.) is understood to be related to the activity of the P element family of transposons (reviewed by Engels, 1989). P element structures can be classified into two broad types: autonomous (complete) elements of 2.9 kb, and non-autonomous elements that usually have sustained internal deletions of varying sizes.Strains of Drosophila may be characterized on the basis of two properties related to the phenotypic effects of their P elements. Strains are specific in their ability for mobilizing P elements that are in an unregulated state. This ability is referred to as "P activity potential". Strains may also vary in their property to regulate or suppress the activity of the autonomous P elements present in their genomes. This property is referred to as "P susceptibility". It covers the joint action of all mechanisms affecting P element regulation, including that of cytotype (Engels, 1979).Based on these properties, strains may be classified into four broad types, according to their phenotypic characteristics in diagnostic test crosses and the number of P elements they possess.P strains have low to high...

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Establishment of stem cell identity in theDrosophila germline

Bhat¹,

Schedl²

1997

Dev. Dyn.

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The molecular basis of P-M hybrid dysgenesis: The role of the P element, a P-strain-specific transposon family

Cited by 536 publications

References 20 publications

Copy number of P elements, KP/full-sized P element ratio and their relationships with environmental factors in Brazilian Drosophila melanogaster populations

Copy number of P elements, KP/full-sized P element ratio and their relationships with environmental factors in Brazilian Drosophila melanogaster populations

Are Drosophila melanogaster populations under a stable geographical differentiation due to the presence of P elements?

Establishment of stem cell identity in theDrosophila germline

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