The Molecular Biological Approach in Paleopathology

Gosman, James H.

doi:10.1002/9781444345940.ch5

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…Walker et al (2009) illustrated a pathophysiological approach as they evaluated cellular functions within hematopoietic marrow. Yet deeper levels of physiological causation of disease phenotypes are found in molecular biology as highlighted by Gosman (2012) who focused on some of the finest but most vital mechanisms of lesion formation: cellular signaling pathways, receptors, and genes which dynamically shape bone resorption and formation. They convincingly argued, from a pathologic and cell-level perspective, that hemolytic and megaloblastic anemias are far more likely the causative factors behind such lesions (but also see Oxenham and Cavil, 2010).…”

Section: Perspectives From Pathophysiology and Molecular Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All bone resorption is coordinated by this RANKL/RANK/OPG regulatory axis and the RAN-KL:OPG ratio (Porth, 2011;Gosman, 2012; also see Henriksen et al, 2011; various chapters in Burr and Allen, 2014). RANKL is expressed in osteoblasts and their immediate precursor cells.…”

Section: Inflammation Bone and Molecular Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pathogens themselves may secrete matrixdegrading proteases and induce osteoblast apoptosis (Gosman, 2012;Scian et al, 2012). Osteoblasts secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, while T lymphocytes are recruited and produce osteoclastogenic factors RANKL and IL-17 that augment osteoclast differentiation and activity.…”

Section: Inflammation Bone and Molecular Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Characterizations of disease conditions drawn from canonical (Aufderheide and Rodr ıguez-Mart ın, 1998;Ortner, 2003) or encyclopedic (Resnick, 2002;Rosen et al, 2013) sources can productively engage with clinical, pathophysiological, and biomedical literature that hold important keys to the bioarchaeology of stress. Some of the most fundamental details emerge in pathophysiology and molecular signaling factors (Weston, 2008;Wilbur et al, 2008;Walker et al, 2009;Gosman et al, 2011;Gosman, 2012).…”

Section: Perspectives From Pathophysiology and Molecular Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They convincingly argued, from a pathologic and cell-level perspective, that hemolytic and megaloblastic anemias are far more likely the causative factors behind such lesions (but also see Oxenham and Cavil, 2010). Yet deeper levels of physiological causation of disease phenotypes are found in molecular biology as highlighted by Gosman (2012) who focused on some of the finest but most vital mechanisms of lesion formation: cellular signaling pathways, receptors, and genes which dynamically shape bone resorption and formation.…”

Section: Perspectives From Pathophysiology and Molecular Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Frontiers in the bioarchaeology of stress and disease: Cross‐disciplinary perspectives from pathophysiology, human biology, and epidemiology

Klaus

2014

American J Phys Anthropol

135

103

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Over the last four decades, bioarchaeology has experienced significant technical growth and theoretical maturation. Early 21st century bioarchaeology may also be enhanced from a renewed engagement with the concept of biological stress. New insights on biological stress and disease can be gained from cross-disciplinary perspectives regarding human skeletal variation and disease. First, pathophysiologic and molecular signaling mechanisms can provide more precise understandings regarding formation of pathological phenotypes in bone. Using periosteal new bone formation as an example, various mechanisms and pathways are explored in which new bone can be formed under conditions of biological stress, particularly in bone microenvironments that involve inflammatory changes. Second, insights from human biology are examined regarding some epigenetic factors and disease etiology. While epigenetic effects on stress and disease outcomes appear profoundly influential, they are mostly invisible in skeletal tissue. However, some indirect and downstream effects, such as the developmental origins of adult health outcomes, may be partially observable in bioarchaeological data. Emerging perspectives from the human microbiome are also considered. Microbiomics involves a remarkable potential to understand ancient biology, disease, and stress. Third, tools from epidemiology are examined that may aid bioarchaeologists to better cope with some of the inherent limitations of skeletal samples to better measure and quantify the expressions of skeletal stress markers. Such cross-disciplinary synergisms hopefully will promote more complete understandings of health and stress in bioarchaeological science.

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Section: Perspectives From Pathophysiology and Molecular Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Inflammation Bone and Molecular Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Inflammation Bone and Molecular Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Perspectives From Pathophysiology and Molecular Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Perspectives From Pathophysiology and Molecular Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Frontiers in the bioarchaeology of stress and disease: Cross‐disciplinary perspectives from pathophysiology, human biology, and epidemiology

Klaus

2014

American J Phys Anthropol

135

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Bone‐formers and bone‐losers in an archaeological population

Mays

2015

American J Phys Anthropol

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ObjectivesRecent biomedical research suggests that, in modern human populations, individuals may vary in their inherent tendency toward bone formation at skeletal and extra‐skeletal locations. However, the nature of this phenomenon is incompletely understood, and the extent to which it might apply to past populations is unclear. It is hypothesized that if there is inter‐individual variation in some overall tendency toward bone formation in skeletal and extra‐skeletal sites then there should be a positive relationship between ligamentous ossification and thickness of cortical bone. This work is a test of this hypothesis in an archaeological population.Materials and MethodsThe study material comprises adult skeletons (N = 137 individuals) of documented age at death from 18th to 19th century London. It examines the relationship between bone deposition in the anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) in the thoracic spine and cortical index (CI) at the metacarpal measured by radiogrammetry.ResultsControlling for the potential confounders age, sex, skeletal completeness, occupation (males) and parity (females), there was a positive association between ossification into the ALL and CI. This reflects lesser medullary cavity width in those showing ALL ossification.DiscussionLigamentous ossification in the axial skeleton and peripheral cortical bone status are linked, individuals with ALL ossification showing lesser resorption of cortical bone at the endosteal surface. This is consistent with the idea of inter‐individual variation in some general bone‐forming/bone‐losing tendency in this 200 year old study population, but there was no evidence of a link between ALL ossification and increased skeletal subperiosteal bone deposition. Am J Phys Anthropol 159:577–584, 2016. © 2015 The Authors American Journal of Physical Anthropology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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A century of paleopathology

Grauer

2018

American J Phys Anthropol

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The Molecular Biological Approach in Paleopathology

Cited by 8 publications

References 105 publications

Frontiers in the bioarchaeology of stress and disease: Cross‐disciplinary perspectives from pathophysiology, human biology, and epidemiology

Frontiers in the bioarchaeology of stress and disease: Cross‐disciplinary perspectives from pathophysiology, human biology, and epidemiology

Bone‐formers and bone‐losers in an archaeological population

A century of paleopathology

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