The molecular cloning of glial fibrillary acidic protein in Gekko japonicus and its expression changes after spinal cord transection

Gao, Dehong; Wang, Yongjun; Liu, Yan; Ding, Fei; Gu, Xiaosong; Zheng-li, Li

doi:10.2478/s11658-010-0029-x

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…japonicus GFAP expression was higher at 1 week after SCI and decreased 4 weeks after the operation ( Fig 1 ). The results are consistent with the previous reports about the GFAP expression pattern after spinal cord transection [ 21 , 22 ], and indicate that astroglial activation was attenuated in adult G . japonicus compared to in adult rats.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Different Astrocytic Activation between Adult Gekko japonicus and Rats during Wound Healing In Vitro

Yang

Chen

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

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Glial scar formation is a major obstacle to regeneration after spinal cord injury. Moreover, it has been shown that the astrocytic response to injury differs between species. Gekko japonicas is a type of reptile and it shows differential glial activation compared to that of rats. The purpose of the present study was to compare the proliferation and migration of astrocytes in the spinal cords of geckos and rats after injury in vitro. Spinal cord homogenate stimulation and scratch wound models were used to induce astrocytic activation in adult and embryonic rats, as well as in adult geckos. Our results indicated that astrocytes from the adult rat were likely activated by mechanical stimulation, even though they showed lower proliferation abilities than the astrocytes from the gecko under normal conditions. Furthermore, a transcriptome analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes in astrocytes from adult rats and those from geckos were enriched in pathways involved in proliferation and the response to stimuli. This implies that intrinsic discrepancies in gene expression patterns might contribute to the differential activation of astrocytes between species.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Different Astrocytic Activation between Adult Gekko japonicus and Rats during Wound Healing In Vitro

Yang

Chen

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

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“…We conducted cooling anesthesia to minimize their suffering. Geckos received complete spinal cord transections at the L10–11 lumbar vertebrae level using procedures in our lab described previously [16]. Briefly, after laminectomy, the spinal cord was transected using iridectomy scissors.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the purpose of investigating the central nervous system of geckos, especially addressing diverse changes of injured neural cells after gecko CNS trauma, some species-specific neural cells marker genes need to be obtained. To date, the complete open read frame (ORF) information of the GFAP [16], TUBB3 [17] gene and their corresponding polyclonal antibodies have been obtained in our laboratory. In the present study, we aimed to clone and characterize the enolase2 gene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cloning and Characterization of the Enolase2 Gene of Gekko japonicus and Its Polyclonal Antibody Preparation

Chen

et al. 2013

IJMS

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The enolase2 gene is usually expressed in mature neurons and also named neuron specific enolase (NSE). In the present study, we first obtained the NSE gene cDNA sequence by using the RACE method based on the expressed sequence tag (EST) fragment from the cDNA library of Gekko japonicus and identified one transcript of about 2.2 kb in central nervous system of Gekko japonicus by Northern blotting. The open reading frame of NSE is 1305 bp, which encodes a 435 amino-acid protein. We further investigated the multi-tissue expression pattern of NSE by RT-PCR and found that the expression of NSE mRNA was very high in brain, spinal cord and low in heart, while it was not detectable in other tissues. The real-time quantitative PCR was used to investigate the time-dependent change in the expression of the NSE mRNA level after gecko spinal cord transection and found it significantly increased at one day, reaching its highest level three days post-injury and then decreasing at the seventh day of the experiment. The recombinant plasmid of pET-32a-NSE was constructed and induced to express His fused NSE protein. The purified NSE protein was used to immunize rabbits to generate polyclonal antisera. The titer of the antiserum was more than 1:65536 determined by ELISA. Western blotting showed that the prepared antibody could specifically recognize the recombinant and endogenous NSE protein. The result of immunohistochemistry revealed that positive signals were present in neurons of the brain and the spinal cord. This study provided the tools of cDNA and polyclonal antibody for studying NSE function in Gekko japonicus.

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“…It has been generally regarded that the “real” stellate astrocytes are absent from anamniotes (Lyons and Talbot, 2014), in spite of some unrepeatable adverse reports (Kawai et al, 2001; Alunni et al, 2005). Works in Gekko japonicus , a reptile, have revealed that the animal can regenerate spinal cord following injury, without evoking astrocytic responses (Gao et al, 2010; Gu et al, 2015). The molecular cues with respect to promoting the neuronal survival and mediating the events of non-reactive astrocytes, have not been fully clarified in the regenerative animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Involvement of Snail Members in Neuronal Survival and Astrocytic Migration during the Gecko Spinal Cord Regeneration

Shen¹,

Wang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2017

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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Certain regenerative vertebrates such as fish, amphibians and reptiles are capable of regenerating spinal cord after injury. Most neurons of spinal cord will survive from the injury and regrow axons to repair circuits with an absence of glial scar formation. However, the underlying mechanisms of neuronal anti-apoptosis and glia-related responses have not been fully clarified during the regenerative process. Gecko has becoming an inspiring model to address spinal cord regeneration in amniotes. In the present study, we investigated the regulatory roles of Snail family members, the important transcriptional factors involved in both triggering of the cell migration and cell survival, during the spontaneous spinal cord regeneration. Both Snail1 and Snail3 have been shown to promote neuronal survival and astrocytic migration via anti-apoptotic and GTPases signaling following gecko tail amputation. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ), together with other cytokines were involved in inducing expression of Snail protein. Our data indicate a conserved function of Snail proteins in embryonic development and tissue regeneration, which may provide clues for CNS repair in the mammals.

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The molecular cloning of glial fibrillary acidic protein in Gekko japonicus and its expression changes after spinal cord transection

Cited by 9 publications

References 49 publications

Different Astrocytic Activation between Adult Gekko japonicus and Rats during Wound Healing In Vitro

Different Astrocytic Activation between Adult Gekko japonicus and Rats during Wound Healing In Vitro

The Cloning and Characterization of the Enolase2 Gene of Gekko japonicus and Its Polyclonal Antibody Preparation

Potential Involvement of Snail Members in Neuronal Survival and Astrocytic Migration during the Gecko Spinal Cord Regeneration

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