The Molecular Links of Re-Emerging Therapy: A Review of Evidence of Brahmi (Bacopa monniera)

Mathur, Deepali; Goyal, Kritika; Koul, Veena; Anand, Akshay

doi:10.3389/fphar.2016.00044

Cited by 74 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…In a clinical trial, brahmi improved cognition in patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer-type. Alongside the improved cognition, various biochemical markers showed reduced inflammation (homocysteine, C-reactive protein, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) and oxidative stress (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and superoxide dismutase) [122].…”

Section: Curcumin and Other Ayurvedic Herbsmentioning

confidence: 95%

A Bird’s-Eye View of the Multiple Biochemical Mechanisms that Propel Pathology of Alzheimer’s Disease: Recent Advances and Mechanistic Perspectives on How to Halt the Disease Progression Targeting Multiple Pathways

Vegh

Stokes

et al. 2019

JAD

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Neurons consume the highest amount of oxygen, depend on oxidative metabolism for energy, and survive for the lifetime of an individual. Therefore, neurons are vulnerable to death caused by oxidative-stress, accumulation of damaged and dysfunctional proteins and organelles. There is an exponential increase in the number of patients diagnosed with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's (AD) as the number of elderly increases exponentially. Development of AD pathology is a complex phenomenon characterized by neuronal death, accumulation of extracellular amyloid-␤ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, and most importantly loss of memory and cognition. These pathologies are most likely caused by mechanisms including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction/stress, accumulation of misfolded proteins, and defective organelles due to impaired proteasome and autophagy mechanisms. Currently, there are no effective treatments to halt the progression of this disease. In order to treat this complex disease with multiple biochemical pathways involved, a complex treatment regimen targeting different mechanisms should be investigated. Furthermore, as AD is a progressive disease-causing morbidity over many years, any chemo-modulator for treatment must be used over long period of time. Therefore, treatments must be safe and non-interfering with other processes. Ideally, a treatment like medicinal food or a supplement that can be taken regularly without any side effect capable of reducing oxidative stress, stabilizing mitochondria, activating autophagy or proteasome, and increasing energy levels of neurons would be the best solution. This review summarizes progress in research on different mechanisms of AD development and some of the potential therapeutic development strategies targeting the aforementioned pathologies.

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Section: Curcumin and Other Ayurvedic Herbsmentioning

confidence: 95%

A Bird’s-Eye View of the Multiple Biochemical Mechanisms that Propel Pathology of Alzheimer’s Disease: Recent Advances and Mechanistic Perspectives on How to Halt the Disease Progression Targeting Multiple Pathways

Vegh

Stokes

et al. 2019

JAD

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“…Bacoside A is the most potent constituent of Bacopa, which is composed of bacoside A3, bacopasaponin C, bacopaside II, and bacopaside X (Deepak M et al, 2013). BM is used in treatment of alzheimers, schizophrenia, and has anti-parkinsonian, antistroke, anticonvulsant potentials (Mathur et al, 2016). The anti-parkinson effect of baccopa is evaluated by Siddique et al in Drosophila fly their findings propose that, baccopa improves neuronal survival by obstructing oxidation of cells, and improving functional capacity i.e.…”

Section: E Bacopa Monnieramentioning

confidence: 99%

The Counteracting Performance of Phytoconstituents Against Neurodegeneration Involved in Parkinson's Disease

Doke¹,

Pansare²,

Sainani³

et al. 2021

JSR

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Parkinson's disease (PD) is age associated neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system. The PD is marked by selective degeneration of dopamine neuron in the specific part of brain called substaintia nigra which leads to several motor and non-motor symptoms. The cause of diseases rests uncertain, however the factors like oxidative stress, aggregation of alpha-synuclein protein, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation and many others contribute in development of Parkinson's disease. The current available pharmaco-therapeutics, focused on replenishing the striatal dopamine level but none of them able to halt disease progression. The existing treatment is hindered by the definite boundaries such as it fails to cure disease, provide only symptomatic relief, safety issues and cost of treatment is also more. As the existing treatments are hindered by therapeutic restrictions and with certain adversarial effects; thus, there is a requirement to improve fresh in addition other operative medications with less adversarial effects. The purpose of present manuscript is to explore the capability of phytoconstituents with neuroprotective assets counter to neurodegeneration concerned in PD and encourage expansion of future novel management approaches supported by natural sources.

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“…Along with memory improvement, it is known to promote mental health, as a neurotonic and cardiotonic agent. B. monnieri extract (BME) clearly has a cognitive enhancing potential and neuroprotective effects [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16]. It has been shown to be antioxidant in rat brain [17,18] and to possess several pharmacological actions such as anti-depressant [19,20,21], anti-dementia [9], anti-cholinesterase [8,9], anti-hyperglycaemic [22] and anti-hyperlipidaemia [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vasodilatory Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Bacopa monnieri Active Compounds on Rat Mesenteric Arteries

et al. 2019

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B. monnieri extract (BME) is an abundant source of bioactive compounds, including saponins and flavonoids known to produce vasodilation. However, it is unclear which components are the more effective vasodilators. The aim of this research was to investigate the vasorelaxant effects and mechanisms of action of saponins and flavonoids on rat isolated mesenteric arteries using the organ bath technique. The vasorelaxant mechanisms, including endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) pathway and calcium flux were examined. Saponins (bacoside A and bacopaside I), and flavonoids (luteolin and apigenin) at 0.1–100 µM caused vasorelaxation in a concentration-dependent manner. Luteolin and apigenin produced vasorelaxation in endothelial intact vessels with more efficacy (Emax 99.4 ± 0.7 and 95.3 ± 2.6%) and potency (EC50 4.35 ± 1.31 and 8.93 ± 3.33 µM) than bacoside A and bacopaside I (Emax 83.6 ± 2.9 and 79.9 ± 8.2%; EC50 10.8 ± 5.9 and 14.6 ± 5.4 µM). Pretreatment of endothelial intact rings, with L-NAME (100 µM); an eNOS inhibitor, or removal of the endothelium reduced the relaxant effects of all compounds. In K+-depolarised vessels suspended in Ca2+-free solution, these active compounds inhibited CaCl2-induced contraction in endothelial denuded arterial rings. Moreover, the active compounds attenuated transient contractions induced by 10 µM phenylephrine in Ca2+-free medium containing EGTA (1 mM). Thus, relaxant effects occurred in both endothelial intact and denuded vessels which signify actions through both endothelium and vascular smooth muscle cells. In conclusion, the flavonoids have about twice the potency of saponins as vasodilators. However, in the BME, there is ~20 × the amount of vaso-reactive saponins and thus are more effective.

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The Molecular Links of Re-Emerging Therapy: A Review of Evidence of Brahmi (Bacopa monniera)

Cited by 74 publications

References 79 publications

A Bird’s-Eye View of the Multiple Biochemical Mechanisms that Propel Pathology of Alzheimer’s Disease: Recent Advances and Mechanistic Perspectives on How to Halt the Disease Progression Targeting Multiple Pathways

A Bird’s-Eye View of the Multiple Biochemical Mechanisms that Propel Pathology of Alzheimer’s Disease: Recent Advances and Mechanistic Perspectives on How to Halt the Disease Progression Targeting Multiple Pathways

The Counteracting Performance of Phytoconstituents Against Neurodegeneration Involved in Parkinson's Disease

Vasodilatory Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Bacopa monnieri Active Compounds on Rat Mesenteric Arteries

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