The Morbidity and Mortality Associated With Overweight and Obesity in Adulthood

Lenz, Matthias; Richter, Tanja; Mühlhauser, Ingrid

doi:10.3238/arztebl.2009.0641

Cited by 148 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Recently, the World Health Organization definition for overweight has been questioned by several studies which showed that overweight (BMI between 25.0 and 30 kg/m 2 ) was not associated with increased risk of death (Flegal et al, 2005;McGee and Diverse Populations Collaboration, 2005;Lenz et al, 2009). The controversy between previous studies may be because of the differences in study design and study populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between body mass index and mortality among Europeans

et al. 2011

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Background/Objectives: To investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and mortality from various causes. Subjects/Methods: Data of 72 947 European men and 62 798 women aged 24-99 years at baseline were collaboratively analyzed. Both absolute and relative mortality risks were estimated within each BMI categories. The hazard ratio was estimated using Cox regression analysis adjusting for age, cohort and smoking status. Results: Over a median follow-up of 16.8 years, 29 071 participants died, 13 502 from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 8748 from cancers of all types. All-cause and cancer mortality showed a U-shaped relationship: decreased first, leveled off, and then increased with increasing BMI with the lowest mortality risk approximately between 23.0 and 28.0 kg/m 2 of BMI in men and 21.0 and 28.0 kg/m 2 in women. The U-shaped relationship held for all-cause mortality but disappeared for cancer mortality among non-smokers. The CVD mortality was constant until a BMI of approximately 28.0 kg/m 2 and then increased gradually in both men and women, which was independent of age, cohort and smoking status. Conclusions: A U-shaped relationship of BMI with all-cause mortality but a graded relationship with CVD mortality at BMI 428.0 kg/m 2 was detected. The relationship between cancer mortality and BMI largely depended on smoking status, and need to be further investigated with site-specific cancers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between body mass index and mortality among Europeans

et al. 2011

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“…Basic model included the SF-12 summary score at all time points as the dependent variable and baseline BMI, change in BMI from baseline to all follow-up points, age, sex, study arm, interaction term time 6 study arm, and time-dependent smoking status as independent variables, n = 6726. 4 Further adjusted model consisting of the basic model additionally adjusted for education level, employment status, living situation, diagnosis of diabetes and hypertension, and history and time-dependent cumulative incidence of myocardial infarction/stroke and coronary artery bypass grafting/percutaneous coronary intervention within the previous 6 months, n = 6682. individuals with a high risk for cardiovascular diseases. In the cross-sectional analyses, BMI was inversely associated with physical and mental HRQoL, measured by the SF-12 health status instrument.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Table 1, the baseline characteristics including the Basic model included the SF-12 summary score at baseline as the dependent variable and baseline BMI, age, sex, and smoking status at baseline as independent variables, n = 6726. 4 Further adjusted model consisting of the basic model additionally adjusted for education level, employment status, living situation, diagnosis of diabetes and hypertension, and history of myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary artery bypass grafting, and percutaneous coronary intervention at baseline, n = 6682. …”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the individual, the major consequences of obesity include an increased risk of both all-cause and, in particular, cardiovascular mortality [2][3][4]. In addition, obesity is a risk factor for several morbidities, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus [5,6], and it is associated with psychological disorders, such as depression, and social discrimination [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Longitudinal Association Between Body Mass Index and Health-Related Quality of Life.

Müller-Nordhorn¹,

Muckelbauer²,

Englert

et al. 2015

International Journal of Epidemiology

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Objective: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an important outcome in individuals with a high risk for cardiovascular diseases. We investigated the association of HRQoL and body mass index (BMI) as an indicator for obesity.Design: Secondary longitudinal analysis of the ORBITAL study, an intervention study which included high-risk cardiovascular primary care patients with hypercholesterolemia and an indication for statin therapy.Methods: HRQoL was determined with the generic Short Form (SF)-12 health status instrument. Body weight and height were assessed at baseline and at months 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36. We used a linear and a linear mixed-effects regression model to investigate the association between BMI and SF-12 summary scores at baseline as well as between change in BMI and SF-12 summary scores over 3 years. We adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, and in the longitudinal analysis also for the study arm and its interaction term with time.Results: Of the 7640 participants who completed the baseline questionnaire, 6726 participants (mean age: 61 years) were analyzed. The baseline BMI was inversely associated with physical and mental SF-12 summary scores (b [95% CI] per 1 kg/ m 2 : 20. 36 [20.41; 20.30] and 20.05 [20.11; 20.00], respectively). A significant association between the change in BMI and physical SF-12 summary scores over time was only present in women (20.18 [20.27; 20.09]) and only in obese participants (20.19 [20.29; 20.10]). A change in BMI was directly associated with mental SF-12 summary scores (0.12 [0.06; 0.19]) in the total population. Conclusion:Increases in BMI were associated with decreases in physical HRQoL, particularly in obese individuals and in women. In contrast, the mental HRQoL seemed to increase with increasing BMI over time. Thus, body weight management with respect to the HRQoL should be evaluated differentially by sex and body weight status.

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“…As an option for treatment of obesity, it makes possible an improvement in quality of life, and a reduction in the worldwide death in this population which may be more than 200% when compared with eutrophic individuals (6) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The decision of an obese woman to have bariatric surgery: the social phenomenology

Oliveira

Merighi

Jesus

2014

Rev. esc. enferm. USP

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RESUMENObjetivo: Comprender el proceso de toma de decisión de la mujer obesa por la cirugía bariátrica. Método: Investigación cualitativa con abordaje de la fenomenología social llevada a cabo en 2012, con 12 mujeres, utilizándose la entrevista fenomenológica. Resultados: La mujer funda su decisión por la cirugía en la inadecuación de sus hábitos alimentarios, la apariencia física incompatible con la estandarizada por la sociedad, el prejuicio social vivido, las limitaciones impuestas por la obesidad y el fracaso de los intentos previos de adelgazamiento. Ante la decisión por la cirugía tiene como expectaciones rescatar su salud, incluirse socialmente e insertarse en el mercado laboral. Conclusión: El estudio permite reflexionar que las acciones prescriptivas no responden a la complejidad de las cuestiones subjetivas involucradas en la toma de decisión por la cirugía de la obesidad. A tal efecto, requiere un trabajo pautado en la interdisciplinaridad y una formación que valorice los aspectos biopsicosociales involucrados en la decisión por el tratamiento quirúrgico. DESCRIPTORESObesidad Cirugía bariátrica Salud de la mujer Investigación cualitativa RESUMOObjetivo: Compreender o processo de tomada de decisão da mulher obesa pela cirurgia bariátrica. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa com abordagem da fenomenologia social realizada em 2012, com 12 mulheres, utilizando-se a entrevista fenomenoló-gica. Resultados: A mulher fundamenta a decisão pela cirurgia na inadequação dos seus hábitos alimentares, na aparência fí-sica incompatível com a padronizada pela sociedade, no preconceito social vivenciado, nas limitações impostas pela obesidade e no insucesso das tentativas prévias de emagrecimento. Diante da decisão pela cirurgia tem como expectativas resgatar sua saúde, incluir-se socialmente e inserir-se no mercado de trabalho. Conclusão: O estudo permite refletir que as ações prescritivas não respondem à complexidade das questões subjetivas envolvidas na tomada de decisão pela cirurgia da obesidade. Para tanto, exige um trabalho pautado na interdisciplinaridade e uma formação que valorize os aspectos biopsicossociais envolvidos na decisão pelo tratamento cirúrgico. DESCRITORESObesidade Cirurgia bariátrica Saúde da mulher Pesquisa qualitativa ABSTRACTObjective: To understand the process by which an obese woman decides to have bariatric surgery. Method: A qualitative survey with a social phenomenology approach, carried out in 2012, with 12 women, using the phenomenological interview. Results: A woman bases the decision to have the surgery on: the inappropriateness of her eating habits; a physical appearance that is incompatible with an appearance that is standardized by society; the social prejudice that she has to live with; the limitations imposed by obesity; and her lack of success with previous attempts to lose weight. Outcomes that she hopes for from the decision to have the surgery include: restoring her health; achieving social inclusion; and entering the labor market. Conclusion: This study allows one to reflect that...

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The Morbidity and Mortality Associated With Overweight and Obesity in Adulthood

Abstract: The prevailing notion that overweight increases morbidity and mortality, as compared to so-called normal weight, is in need of further specification. Obesity, however, is indeed associated with an elevated risk for most of the diseases studied.

Cited by 148 publications

References 74 publications

Relationship between body mass index and mortality among Europeans

Relationship between body mass index and mortality among Europeans

Longitudinal Association Between Body Mass Index and Health-Related Quality of Life.

The decision of an obese woman to have bariatric surgery: the social phenomenology

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