The morphology of apoptosis and necrosis of fat cells after photodynamic treatment at a constant temperature in vitro

Abstract

Photodynamic therapy with temperature control is a new approach for treatment of obesity and cellulite. Cell death can occur under the action of various physical, chemical and biological factors. Depending on the inductor, this is apoptosis or necrosis. These two forms of cell death differ on the biochemical and morphological levels. Biochemical changes occur quickly enough and it raises difficulties of their detection. One of the morphological characteristics of apoptosis is a decrease (contraction) of cells, and necrosis -an increase in the size of the cell (swelling). This attribute simply determined visually using a digital microscope. The program was designed using LabVEIW media, which allowed us to develop the software for providing interaction with the measuring and control equipment, data collection, processing and displaying the information and results of calculations and simulations for the individual cells and ensembles of cells, and, in general, to automate process.

Histological study of subcutaneous fat at NIR laser treatment of the rat skinin vivo

“…23,24 In our previous work, we investigated photochemical treatment by using of ICG solution (concentration of 1 mg/ml dissolved in alcohol) and 808 nm-laser irradiation (power density of 16 W/cm 2 and the exposure time 1 min) that caused the pronounced changes in tissue ex vivo accompanied by adipocyte apoptosis and/or necrosis depending on the level of tissue damage. 12 When we used ICG-water solution (concentration of 1 mg/ml dissolved in water) or capICG (ICG 2 mg/ml in water in the capsules) as a photochemical dye ex vivo, we observed only increase of cell membrane permeability followed up by lipolysis. 25 For tissue stained by ICG-water solution, a total lipolysis was seen to 295 min, while for tissue stained by capICG it was 165 min.…”

“…Depending on inductor, cell apoptosis or necrosis may take place. 12 Optical method of fat tissue destruction, namely photochemical/photothermal method, may provide reduction of regional or site-specific accumulations of abdominal or subcutaneous adipose tissue least-invasively by inducing of cell apoptosis and controlled necrosis of the small amounts of fat tissue. 12,13 In particular, it relates to the employment of localized optical (laser) radiation of the appropriate wavelength and power, which also may be integrated in conjunction with localized specific fat tissue staining and/or lipolytic agent application, to noninvasive and non-or least-destructive downsize fat tissue volume and thereby modify contour/shape local target adipose tissue.…”

“…12 Optical method of fat tissue destruction, namely photochemical/photothermal method, may provide reduction of regional or site-specific accumulations of abdominal or subcutaneous adipose tissue least-invasively by inducing of cell apoptosis and controlled necrosis of the small amounts of fat tissue. 12,13 In particular, it relates to the employment of localized optical (laser) radiation of the appropriate wavelength and power, which also may be integrated in conjunction with localized specific fat tissue staining and/or lipolytic agent application, to noninvasive and non-or least-destructive downsize fat tissue volume and thereby modify contour/shape local target adipose tissue. In our previous work, we investigated photochemical treatment at subcutaneous injection of ICG solution (concentration, 0.5 mg/ml in saline or in alcohol mixture) and subsequent diode laser irradiation (power density of 16 W/cm 2 and the exposure time 1 min) causes the developing of the most pronounced changes in tissue in vivo.…”

Fat tissue histological study at NIR laser treatment of the skin in vivo

“…[24][25][26] ICG tissue staining may induce the photodynamic effect. [16][17][18][19][20][27][28][29] Relatively narrow absorption peak of this dye allow for effective use in selective laser destruction of tissues, but caution should be accounted for because dye molecules at interaction with organic molecules of a tissue change their absorption spectrum peaks up to 10-20 nm. [27][28][29][30] The intensity and position of the absorption bands depend on the ICG solvents used.…”

“…5,[16][17][18][19][20] In particular, it relates to the employment of localized optical (laser) radiation of the appropriate wavelength and power, which also may be integrated in conjunction with localized specific fat tissue staining or lipolytic agent application, to noninvasive and non-or least-destructively downsize fat tissue volume and thereby modify contour/shape local target adipose tissue.…”