The morphology of martensite in Fe-C, Fe-Ni-C and Fe-Cr-C alloys

Umemoto, Minoru; Yoshitake, Eizoh; Tamura, Imao

doi:10.1007/bf00700770

Cited by 95 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…9) This analogy with Fe-C indicates that Cr has a rather large effect on the microstructure of martensite and it seems like the addition of Cr gives a similar change of microstructure as would an increase of C. Similar results was also found in Ref. 8) for Fe-C-Cr.…”

Section: Martensite Microstructructure In Fe-c-crsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…5) A similar result was obtained by Umemoto et al who studied Fe-C with carbon contents from 0.60 to 2.07 mass%. 8) Both of them also reported that the fine structure of lath and plate martensite vary with carbon content. Furuhara et al showed that, as the carbon content increase from 0.0026 to 0.61 mass%, a block containing two groups of laths which are of two Kurdjumov-Sachs (K-S) orientation variants would change to a block consisting of laths of a single K-S variant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Clearly, these factors are associated with the chemical composition of the alloys and a vast amount of literature is available on the relation between alloy composition and martensite microstructure. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Since Fe-C is the basis for the carbon steels, the effect of carbon has been studied frequently. [1][2][3]5,[7][8][9][10][13][14][15][16][17] For instance, Kelly and Nutting found that the martensite morphology changes from needle-like lath martensite to plate martensite when the carbon content is increased from 0.1 to 1.4 mass%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, to the present authors' knowledge, the martensite microstructure in the Fe-C-Cr system, which is the basis for hot-work tool steels, has only been studied once previously. 8) That study was conducted using mainly light optical microscopy (OM) and thus no detailed study of martensite in the Fe-C-Cr system is available. In addition to the strong relation between martensite microstructure and mechanical properties such as strength and fatigue life, 3,18,19) the structure is also important for the precipitation kinetics during tempering or service at elevated temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructure of Martensite in Fe–C–Cr and its Implications for Modelling of Carbide Precipitation during Tempering

Hou

Hedström

et al. 2014

ISIJ Int.

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The microstructure of as-quenched martensite in four Fe-C-Cr alloys (0.15C-1Cr, 0.15C-4Cr, 1C-1Cr, 1C-4Cr, mass%) has been investigated. Moreover, the microstructures served as input for setting up modeling of carbide precipitation during tempering of martensite. The modelling was conducted using the Langer-Schwartz approach and the software TC-PRISMA, which retrieves thermodynamic data from the Thermo-Calc databank. It was found that the martensite in the low carbon steels is predominantly lath martensite with units arranged parallel to each other. On the other hand, the plate martensite dominates the microstructure in the high carbon steels. The ratio of high-angle to low-angle grain boundaries was found to increase with increasing Cr in the low carbon steels, which indicates that Cr has a similar effect as C on the lath martensite microstructure, however, the micro-hardness remained unaffected by the addition of Cr. Finally, the precipitation modeling clearly demonstrates the importance of proper definition of the initial microstructure for predictive modelling. Parameters such as dislocation density and frequency of high-angle grain boundaries have a drastic effect on e.g. the mean size of carbides.

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Section: Martensite Microstructructure In Fe-c-crsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Microstructure of Martensite in Fe–C–Cr and its Implications for Modelling of Carbide Precipitation during Tempering

Hou

Hedström

et al. 2014

ISIJ Int.

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“…As the influence of Ni is most distinct, lath martensite was first examined in Ni-alloyed steels. Unlike plate martensite, its lattice was not tetragonal but cubic [2] as no carbon distorts the lattice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Martensite in Steels : its Significance, Recent Developments and Trends

Schulz-Beenken

1997

J. Phys. IV France

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Abstract:Martensite is generally known as a hard but brittle microstructure. This is only true for high carbon plate martensite. Recently developed steels with a lath martensite microstructure offer an excellent toughness at yield strength of 1000 MPa yield strength. A transformation into lath martensite by glide as invariant shear mechanism is only possible at a carbon content below 0,03 %. The source of both high strength and good toughness is the high dislocation density and the narrow lath width off less than 1 pm. By a thermomechanical treatment, that leads to a finer lath structure both strength and ductility can be improved to a yield strength of 1150 MPa and an elongation of 18 % . As, unlike high carbon plate martensite, the hardness of lath martensite is not achieved by the distortion of the tetragonal cell by carbon atoms, the hardness of lath martensite remains stable up during an annealing treatment up to 600°C. This thermal stability of the lath martensit microstructure makes an additional increase of hardness by the precipitation of different types of intermetallic phases possible. The increase of the hardness from 300 HV to 600 HV by precipitation without volume changes and good cold deformability reveals many new application in manufacturing. In plate martensite too, comparatively high toughness values can be achieved, if carbon is replaced by nitrogen. The refining influence of nitrides on the austenite grain sizes and the precipitation of fine nitrides during the annealing process leads to impact values three times higher than those of comparable high carbon plate martensite.

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