The morphology of the dorsal and ventral skin of Triturus karelinii (Caudata: Salamandridae)

Bingöl-Ozakpinar, Özlem; Murathanoğlu, Osman

doi:10.2478/s11756-011-0009-2

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Although the sample size is small, it is relatively large for a histological study (e.g. Bingol-Ozakpinar & Murathanoglu, 2011 ). Our findings suggest that the differences in skin thickness between males and females in Litoria infrafrenata are due to differences in body size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the relationship between sexual dimorphism in skin anatomy and body size in the white-lipped treefrog, Litoria infrafrenata (Anura: Hylidae)

VanBuren

Norman

Fröbisch

2018

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society

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Amphibians transport water, oxygen, carbon dioxide and various ions (e.g. sodium and potassium) across their skin. This cutaneous permeability is thought to affect their ability to respond to environmental change and to play a role in global population declines. Sexual dimorphism of skin anatomy has been accepted in some species, but rejected in others. The species in which such dimorphism has been detected have all been sexually dimorphic in body size, with males that are smaller and have thinner skin. It is unclear whether this difference in skin thickness manifests a functional difference or if it is related to body size alone. Skin thickness (epidermis, spongy dermis, compact dermis and total thickness) was examined in males and females of the white-lipped treefrog ( Litoria infrafrenata ). Although the skin of males is absolutely thinner than that of females, this difference is explained by body size differences between the sexes. Overall, we conclude that skin thickness in male and female L. infrafrenata correlates with body size dimorphism and suggest that future studies on amphibian skin anatomy include measures of body size, test the ecological significance of sexually dimorphic skin anatomy and better document the prevalence of sexually dimorphic amphibian skin anatomy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the relationship between sexual dimorphism in skin anatomy and body size in the white-lipped treefrog, Litoria infrafrenata (Anura: Hylidae)

VanBuren

Norman

Fröbisch

2018

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society

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“…Moreover, some amphibians show a glandular polymorphism with more than one type of mucous or poison gland [17,23,24,27,28,38,39]. Considering the embryological origin, the morphological differences and similarities among glands may be interpreted as different maturation stages of the same glandular type [23,27,40,41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology of the Cutaneous Poison and Mucous Glands in Amphibians with Particular Emphasis on Caecilians (Siphonops annulatus)

Maurício

Mailho‐Fontana

Sato

et al. 2021

Toxins

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Caecilians (order Gymnophiona) are apodan, snake-like amphibians, usually with fossorial habits, constituting one of the most unknown groups of terrestrial vertebrates. As in orders Anura (frogs, tree frogs and toads) and Caudata (salamanders and newts), the caecilian skin is rich in mucous glands, responsible for body lubrication, and poison glands, producing varied toxins used in defence against predators and microorganisms. Whereas in anurans and caudatans skin gland morphology has been well studied, caecilian poison glands remain poorly elucidated. Here we characterised the skin gland morphology of the caecilian Siphonops annulatus, emphasising the poison glands in comparison to those of anurans and salamanders. We showed that S. annulatus glands are similar to those of salamanders, consisting of several syncytial compartments full of granules composed of protein material but showing some differentiated apical compartments containing mucus. An unusual structure resembling a mucous gland is frequently observed in lateral/apical position, apparently connected to the main duct. We conclude that the morphology of skin poison glands in caecilians is more similar to salamander glands when compared to anuran glands that show a much-simplified structure.

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Cutaneous Bacterial Communities of a Poisonous Salamander: a Perspective from Life Stages, Body Parts and Environmental Conditions

et al. 2016

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Amphibian skin provides a habitat for bacterial communities in its mucus. Understanding the structure and function of this "mucosome" in the European fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) is critical in the context of novel emerging pathogenic diseases. We compare the cutaneous bacterial communities of this species using amplicon-based sequencing of the 16S rRNA V4 region. Across 290 samples, over 4000 OTUs were identified, four of them consistently present in all samples. Larvae and post-metamorphs exhibited distinct cutaneous microbial communities. In adults, the parotoid gland surface had a community structure different from the head, dorsum, flanks and ventral side. Larvae from streams had higher phylogenetic diversity than those found in ponds. Their bacterial community structure also differed; species of Burkholderiaceae, Comamonadaceae, Methylophilaceae and Sphingomonadaceae were more abundant in pond larvae, possibly related to differences in factors like desiccation and decomposition rate in this environment. The observed differences in the cutaneous bacterial community among stages, body parts and habitats of fire salamanders suggest that both host and external factors shape these microbiota. We hypothesize that the variation in cutaneous bacterial communities might contribute to variation in pathogen susceptibility among individual salamanders.

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The morphology of the dorsal and ventral skin of Triturus karelinii (Caudata: Salamandridae)

Cited by 10 publications

References 39 publications

Examining the relationship between sexual dimorphism in skin anatomy and body size in the white-lipped treefrog, Litoria infrafrenata (Anura: Hylidae)

Examining the relationship between sexual dimorphism in skin anatomy and body size in the white-lipped treefrog, Litoria infrafrenata (Anura: Hylidae)

Morphology of the Cutaneous Poison and Mucous Glands in Amphibians with Particular Emphasis on Caecilians (Siphonops annulatus)

Cutaneous Bacterial Communities of a Poisonous Salamander: a Perspective from Life Stages, Body Parts and Environmental Conditions

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