The Most Important Fungal Diseases of Cereals—Problems and Possible Solutions

Różewicz, Marcin; Wyzińska, Marta; Grabinski, J.

doi:10.3390/agronomy11040714

Cited by 73 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…On the other hand, the production of aflatoxins brings the more severe consequence of A. flavus presence in the maize fields, but what also should be taken into account are economic losses due to maize fungal infection. Fungal diseases of cereals can cause a yield reduction in the range from 15-20%, but even more in some extreme cases (60%) [51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution, Genetic Diversity and Biocontrol of Aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus in Serbian Maize Fields

Vlajkov

Grahovac

Budakov

et al. 2021

Toxins

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Maize is one of the leading export products in the Republic of Serbia. As a country where economic development depends on agriculture, maize production plays a critical role as a crop of strategic importance. Potential aflatoxin contamination of maize poses a risk to food and feed safety and tremendous economic losses. No aflatoxin contamination of maize samples harvested in 2019 and 2020 in different localities in the Republic of Serbia was detected by the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) test and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. On the other hand, the Cluster Amplification Patterns (CAP) analyses of the isolated Aspergillus flavus strains from 2019 maize samples confirmed the presence of key biosynthesis genes responsible for aflatoxin production. Artificial inoculation and subsequent HPLC analysis of the inoculated maize samples confirmed the high capacity of the A. flavus strains for aflatoxin production, pointing to a high risk of contamination under favorable conditions. Prevention of aflatoxin contamination is primarily based on A. flavus control, where biocontrol agents play a significant role as sustainable disease management tools. In this study, antagonistic activity screening of the novel strains belonging to the Bacillus genus indicated superior suppression of A. flavus strains by two Bacillus strains isolated from the rhizosphere of Phaseolus vulgaris.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution, Genetic Diversity and Biocontrol of Aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus in Serbian Maize Fields

Vlajkov

Grahovac

Budakov

et al. 2021

Toxins

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“…Multi-year studies of tw-type mutants have revealed the significant variation in MGG expression observed in the seed material from different years and statistically significant differences in MGG levels between the allelic tw-type mutants (Table 1). Naturally, among the most important factors that influence the occurrence of fungal diseases is weather conditions during the growing season [27][28][29]. However, another source of such variations may lie in the highly variable expressivity of the tw phenotype.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Barley Tweaky Spike Mutants for the Study of Effects of Plant Immunity-Related Substances

et al. 2021

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Barley developmental mutants tweaky spike (tw) with disturbed auxin pathways possess a unique feature of an increased level of mouldy germinating grains (MGG), which serves as a convenient model to investigate the effects of plant immunity-related substances. The effects of the auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), auxin inhibitors, salicylic acid (SA), and trans-cinnamic acid (TCA) were studied using the tw-WT system in surface-sterilized and unsterilized germinating grains under high rates of natural infection. Significant differences among the allelic tw mutants were revealed at the natural MGG level and in response to 2,4-D, SA, and TCA. The most effective means against MGG were sterilization and TCA. 2,4-D inhibited root growth in tw and tw2 mutants, occurring only in unsterilized and not sterilized germinating grains, while the opposite was observed for TCA and SA. The tw mutations influenced variations in the seed-borne fungal spectra, decreasing the frequency of Bipolaris sorokiniana and increasing Fusarium spp. Hypochlorite-based surface sterilization methods should be used with caution in studies where the action of exogenous 2,4-D will be analysed in germinating grains. Auxin pathway disturbances specific for pleiotropic tw mutants are generally restricted to organogenesis but not to germination events.

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“…During autumn when temperatures drop, the pathogen produces ascospores, which are released in the summer when it is warm. Ascospores can survive winter on plant residues and may be a source of infection in the spring [ 7 ]. The B. graminis f. sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence Structure and Genetic Diversity of Blumeria graminis f. sp. avenae from Different Regions of Europe

Cieplak

Nucia

Ociepa

et al. 2022

Plants

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The structure and dynamics of changes in pathogen populations can be analysed by assessing the level of virulence and genetic diversity. The aim of the present study was to determine the diversity of Blumeria graminis f. sp. avenae populations. Diversity and virulence of B. graminis f. sp. avenae was assessed based on 80 single-spore isolates collected in different European countries such as Poland (40 isolates), Germany (10), Finland (10), Czech Republic (10) and Ireland (10) using ISSR (Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats) and SCoT (Start Codon Targeted) markers. This work demonstrated differences in virulence of B. graminis f. sp. avenae isolates sampled from different countries. Molecular analysis showed that both systems were useful for assessing genetic diversity, but ISSR markers were superior and generated more polymorphic products, as well as higher PIC and RP values. UPMGA and PCoA divided the isolates into groups corresponding with their geographical origin. In conclusion, the low level of genetic differentiation of the analysed isolates has suggested that the evolution of B. graminis f. sp. Avenae population is slow, and thus the evolutionary potential of the pathogen is low. This work paves the way for future studies on B. graminis f. sp. Avenae population structure and dynamics based on genetic variability.

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The Most Important Fungal Diseases of Cereals—Problems and Possible Solutions

Cited by 73 publications

References 47 publications

Distribution, Genetic Diversity and Biocontrol of Aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus in Serbian Maize Fields

Distribution, Genetic Diversity and Biocontrol of Aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus in Serbian Maize Fields

Application of Barley Tweaky Spike Mutants for the Study of Effects of Plant Immunity-Related Substances

Virulence Structure and Genetic Diversity of Blumeria graminis f. sp. avenae from Different Regions of Europe

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