The Muscle Typology of Elite and World-Class Swimmers

Bellinger, Phillip; Lievens, Eline; Kennedy, Ben; Rice, Hal; Derave, Wim; Minahan, Clare

doi:10.1123/ijspp.2022-0048

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Despite the fact that a similar distribution of the muscle typologies could be expected in other cyclic sports such as cycling and swimming, this was not yet investigated in elite athletes. Therefore, the relevance of the muscle typology for talent identification was examined in 80 world-class cyclists [5] and 73 world-class swimmers [6]. Clear differences were found in the muscle typology between cycling events.…”

Section: What Did I Find?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relevance of muscle fibre typology in sports (PhD Academy Award)

Lievens

2023

Br J Sports Med

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Section: What Did I Find?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relevance of muscle fibre typology in sports (PhD Academy Award)

Lievens

2023

Br J Sports Med

Self Cite

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“…These data would suggest performance in sprint cycling is not tied solely on having muscle of the largest fast twitch fibre typology. However, applying the same analysis to swimmers saw no differentiation between muscle fibre typology in sprint swimmers, medium distance swimmers and long distance swimmers [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between competition sprint cycling power and endurance power are high across ALL durations and energetic pathways

Ferguson

Harnish

Klich

et al. 2023

Preprint

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This study investigates associations between power at several durations to show inter-relationships of power across a range of durations in sprint track cyclists. The currently-accepted hypothesis peak power holds a near perfect relationship with sprint performance, and thus a near 1:1 slope with power at sprint durations up to 30-s, is tested. The equally well-accepted and complementary hypothesis there is no strong association with power over longer durations is also tested. 56 data sets from 27 cyclists (21 male, 6 female) provided maximal power for durations from 1-s to 20-min. Peak power values are compared to assess strength of correlation (R2), and any relationship (slope) across every level. R2 between 15-s – 30-s power and durations from 1-s to 20-min remained high (R2 ≥ 0.83). Despite current assumptions around 1-s power, our data shows this relationship is stronger around competition durations, and 1-s power also still shared strong relationships with longer durations out to 20-min. Slopes for relationships shorter durations were closer to a 1:1 relationship than longer durations, but closer to long-duration slopes than to a 1:1 line. The present analyses contradicts both well-accepted hypotheses, and the concept of peak power being a primary metric for sprint cycling, based on very strong relationships to power from durations commonly associated with oxidative energetic pathways, as well as short durations. This study shows the importance and potential of training durations from 1-s to 20-min over a preparation period to improve competition sprint cycling performance.

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Match Running Performance in Australian Football Is Related to Muscle Fiber Typology

Hopwood,

Bellinger,

Compton

et al. 2023

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

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Purpose: To examine the association between muscle fiber typology and match running performance in professional Australian football (AF) athletes. Methods: An observational time–motion analysis was performed on 23 professional AF athletes during 224 games throughout the 2020 competitive season. Athletes were categorized by position as hybrid, small, or tall. Athlete running performance was measured using Global Navigation Satellite System devices. Mean total match running performance and maximal mean intensity values were calculated for moving mean durations between 1 and 10 minutes for speed (in meters per minute), high-speed-running distance (HSR, >4.17 m·s−1), and acceleration (in meters per second squared), while intercept and slopes were calculated using power law. Carnosine content was quantified by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the gastrocnemius and soleus and expressed as a carnosine aggregate z score (CAZ score) to estimate muscle fiber typology. Mixed linear models were used to determine the association between CAZ score and running performance. Results: The mean (range) CAZ score was −0.60 (−1.89 to 1.25), indicating that most athletes possessed a greater estimated proportion of type I muscle fibers. A greater estimated proportion of type I fibers (ie, lower CAZ score) was associated with a larger accumulation of HSR (>4.17 m·s−1) and an increased ability to maintain HSR as the peak period duration increased. Conclusion: AF athletes with a greater estimated proportion of type I muscle fibers were associated with a greater capacity to accumulate distance running at high speeds, as well as a greater capacity to maintain higher output of HSR running during peak periods as duration increases.

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The Muscle Typology of Elite and World-Class Swimmers

Cited by 3 publications

References 29 publications

Relevance of muscle fibre typology in sports (PhD Academy Award)

Relevance of muscle fibre typology in sports (PhD Academy Award)

Relationships between competition sprint cycling power and endurance power are high across ALL durations and energetic pathways

Match Running Performance in Australian Football Is Related to Muscle Fiber Typology

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