The Mycorrizal Status in Vineyards Affected by Esca

Abstract

In this work we analyzed the relationship among native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and vine roots affected by esca, a serious grapevine trunk disease. The AMF symbiosis was analyzed on the roots of neighboring plants (symptomatic and asymptomatic to esca) in 14 sites of three vineyards in Marche region (central–eastern Italy). The AMF colonization intensity, identified by non-vital staining, showed higher value in all esca symptomatic plants (ranging from 24.6% to 61.3%) than neighboring asymptomatic plants (from 17.4% to 57.6%). The same trend of Glomeromycota phylum abundance was detected by analyzing fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) linked to the AMF community, obtained by amplicon high throughput analysis of ITS 1 region. Overall, the highest amount of OTUs was detected on roots from symptomatic plants (0.42%), compared to asymptomatic roots (0.29%). Specific primer pairs for native Rhizophagus irregularis and Funneliformis mosseae AMF species, were designed in 28S rRNA and large subunit (LSU) ribosomal RNA, respectively, and droplet digital PCR protocol for absolute quantification was set up. A higher number of DNA copies of both fungal species were detected more frequently in symptomatic than asymptomatic vines. Our study suggests a relationship between esca and native AMF in grapevine. These results underline the importance of native rhizosphere microbial communities for a better knowledge of grapevine esca disease.

Biostimulants in Viticulture: A Sustainable Approach against Biotic and Abiotic Stresses

“…A particular interaction was discussed by Landi et al [229]. Their study suggested a relationship between esca disease and native AMF in grapevine roots.…”

Detection and Quantification of Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum in Seeds of Cucurbita maxima Using Droplet Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction

“…The primer pair DBF1/R1 was tested in qPCR. The analytical sensitivity (limit of detection; LOD, Bustin et al, 2009 ) was assessed using serial dilutions (285 ng, 57 ng, 20 ng, 11.4 ng, 2.28 ng, 4.56 × 10 –1 ng, 9.12 × 10 –2 ng, 1.82 × 10 –2 ng, 3.6 × 10 –3 ng, 7.2 × 10 –4 ng, 1.45 × 10 –4 ng, and 2.9 × 10 –5 ng) of DNA extracted from the mycelia of S. cucurbitacearum isolate D33 spiked with 20, 57, and 285 ng of DNA from healthy seeds in qPCR ( Landi et al, 2021 ). The reactions were carried out in a total volume of 12 μl containing: 2× Master mix iTaq Universal SYBR Green Supermix (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, United States), and 0.10 μM of the designed primers (DBF1/R1).…”

Understanding the control strategies effective against the esca leaf stripe symptom: the edge hypothesis

“…Since the early 1990ies, numerous studies have shown that multiple biotic and abiotic factors, as well as agronomic practices, are correlated to onset, discontinuity, incidence and severity of the leaf stripe symptom (Table 1;Fischer and Ashnaei, 2019;Claverie et al, 2020;Del Frari et al, 2021). Among these, meteorological conditions (e.g., rainfall, drought, temperature, soil moisture) play major roles in yearly symptom fluctuations (Surico et al, 2000;Marchi et al, 2006;Bruez et al, 2013;Andreini et al, 2014; Grapevine age e Water availability l Fungal endophytes (wood pathogens and/ or biocontrol agents) f Rhizosphere microbiome g a Lecomte et al, 2011;Fischer andAshnaei, 2019 b Christen et al, 2007;Magnin-Robert et al, 2011;Fontaine et al, 2016a;Goufo and Cortez, 2020;Calvo-Garrido et al, 2021c Pouzoulet et al, 2014d Marchi, 2001Bruez et al, 2013;Andreini et al, 2014;Murolo and Romanazzi, 2014;Pouzoulet et al, 2014;Borgo et al, 2016e Mugnai et al, 1999Graniti et al, 2000;Surico et al, 2008 f Larignon andDubos, 1997;Peros et al, 2008;Bigot et al, 2020;Nerva et al, 2019;Del Frari et al, 2021;Fotios et al, 2021;Di Marco et al, 2022g Landi et al, 2021h Surico et al, 2000Marchi et al, 2006;Bruez et al, 2013;Calvo-Garrido et al, 2021i Di Marco et al, 2011Songy et al, 2019;…”

“…This confirms that the microbiological aspect of the wood of leaf symptomatic vines is only one of the factors of a bigger equation. For example, even the grapevine rhizosphere, in particular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, may alter their abundance in leaf symptomatic vines (Landi et al, 2021).…”