The Mysterious Pulmonary Brush Cell

Reid, Lynne; Meyrick, Barbara; Antony, Veena B.; Chang, Leslie; Crapo, James D.; Reynolds, Herbert Y.

doi:10.1164/rccm.200502-203ws

Cited by 92 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The pseudostratified epithelium of the airway is ~100 m 2 in surface area and composed of a variety of airway epithelial cells (AECs), many of which are specialized to the lung but homologous to the gut. The bronchial epithelium is composed of basal cells, columnar ciliated epithelial cells, mucous goblet cells, brush or tuft cells and Clara cells ( 24 , 25 ). The alveolar epithelium, meanwhile, is composed mostly of Type I and Type II pneumocytes ( 24 , 26 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epithelial MHC Class II Expression and Its Role in Antigen Presentation in the Gastrointestinal and Respiratory Tracts

et al. 2018

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As the primary barrier between an organism and its environment, epithelial cells are well-positioned to regulate tolerance while preserving immunity against pathogens. Class II major histocompatibility complex molecules (MHC class II) are highly expressed on the surface of epithelial cells (ECs) in both the lung and intestine, although the functional consequences of this expression are not fully understood. Here, we summarize current information regarding the interactions that regulate the expression of EC MHC class II in health and disease. We then evaluate the potential role of EC as non-professional antigen presenting cells. Finally, we explore future areas of study and the potential contribution of epithelial surfaces to gut-lung crosstalk.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epithelial MHC Class II Expression and Its Role in Antigen Presentation in the Gastrointestinal and Respiratory Tracts

et al. 2018

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“…In the pulmonary alveolar macrophage lumen exposed directly to dust or bacteria that escaped the mucous sheet in the proximal part of the airway [12]. The main function of this dust cell is to clean the alveoli of incoming microorganisms and inhaled particles by the mechanism of phagocytosis [16].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histology of Watersnake (Enhydris enhydris) Lung

et al. 2020

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Rainbow watersnake is a snake that can be found in ponds, has a relatively medium body, a maximum length of 80 cm, generally between 50-60 cm, small-headed, a rather large belly, and short-tailed. The aim of this study is to determine the structure of the histology of the lungs of watersnake (Enhydris enhydris). This study used a sample of 3 watersnakes (Enhydris enhydris) with a body length of ± 50 cm. This study conducted a micro technical method with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Data obtained from the results of this study were analyzed descriptively and presented in the form of images. Macroscopic observations of the warp in snakes are long, most of the trachea attaches to the warp, and there are water sacs or swimming pouches at the tip of the warp, as well as the histological features of the snakes' warp, alveolar ducts, alveolar sac and alveoli, the histological structure of the lungs in watersnakes (Enhydris enhydris) consist of type 1 alveoli epithelial cells, type 2 alveoli cells, muscle bundles, connective tissue, capillary vessels, and macrophage cells. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the histological structure of the watersnake (Enhydris enhydris) lung is different from the histological structure of the reptile function in general. In the lungs of watersnakes (Enhydris enhydris) only consists of alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli, and the presence of water sacs at the ends of the lungs.

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“…ENaC proteins are expressed in both alveolar type I (ATI) and II (ATII) cells. Squamous ATI cells cover approximately 93% of airspace surface area (140 m 2 ), while ATI cells account for up to 35% of the cell population [31] . In COPD/emphysema lungs, the airspace surface area was reduced by up to 75% due to alveolar enlargement [32] , [33] .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of Apical Fluid-Regulating Channel Proteins with Lung Function in Human COPD Lungs

et al. 2014

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Links between epithelial ion channels and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) are emerging through animal model and in vitro studies. However, clinical correlations between fluid-regulating channel proteins and lung function in COPD remain to be elucidated. To quantitatively measure epithelial sodium channels (ENaC), cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), and aquaporin 5 (AQP5) proteins in human COPD lungs and to analyze the correlation with declining lung function, quantitative western blots were used. Spearman tests were performed to identify correlations between channel proteins and lung function. The expression of α and β ENaC subunits was augmented and inversely associated with lung function. In contrast, both total and alveolar type I (ATI) and II (ATII)-specific CFTR proteins were reduced. The expression level of CFTR proteins was associated with FEV1 positively. Abundance of AQP5 proteins and extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) was decreased and correlated with spirometry test results and gas exchange positively. Furthermore, these channel proteins were significantly associated with severity of disease. Our study demonstrates that expression of ENaC, AQP5, and CFTR proteins in human COPD lungs is quantitatively associated with lung function and severity of COPD. These apically located fluid-regulating channels may thereby serve as biomarkers and potent druggable targets of COPD.

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The Mysterious Pulmonary Brush Cell

Cited by 92 publications

References 25 publications

Epithelial MHC Class II Expression and Its Role in Antigen Presentation in the Gastrointestinal and Respiratory Tracts

Epithelial MHC Class II Expression and Its Role in Antigen Presentation in the Gastrointestinal and Respiratory Tracts

Histology of Watersnake (Enhydris enhydris) Lung

Correlation of Apical Fluid-Regulating Channel Proteins with Lung Function in Human COPD Lungs

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