The N2pc component as an indicator of attentional selectivity

Eimer, Martin

doi:10.1016/0013-4694(96)95711-9

Cited by 898 publications

(615 citation statements)

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“…This initial deflection is followed by the P1 and N1 components as information propagates through the visual system and perceptual analysis is performed (Heinze et al, 1994; Heinze, Mangun, & Hillyard, 1990; Luck, 1995; Vogel & Luck, 2000). 2 Next, we can observe waveforms elicited by the deployment of covert attention to peripheral targets in the visual field (e.g., the N2pc, Eimer, 1996; Luck & Hillyard, 1994a, 1994b) and components associated with categorization of the visual stimulus (e.g., the N2/P3 complex, Kutas, McCarthy, & Donchin, 1977; Pritchard, Shappell, & Brandt, 1991; Sutton, 1979; Sutton et al, 1965). Waveforms indexing working memory encoding and maintenance are the next to come online (i.e., the P3 and contralateral-delay activity, Donchin, 1981; Vogel & Machizawa, 2004), followed by components elicited during the selection and preparation of the motor response (i.e., the lateralized-readiness potential or LRP, Coles, 1989).…”

Section: Why Erps Are Well Suited To Study Perception and Attention?mentioning

confidence: 99%

A brief introduction to the use of event-related potentials in studies of perception and attention

Woodman

2010

Attention, Perception & Psychophysics

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205

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Due to the precise temporal resolution of electrophysiological recordings, the event-related potential (ERP) technique has proven particularly valuable for testing theories of perception and attention. Here, I provide a brief tutorial of the ERP technique for consumers of such research and those considering the use of human electrophysiology in their own work. My discussion begins with the basics regarding what brain activity ERPs measure and why they are well suited to reveal critical aspects of perceptual processing, attentional selection, and cognition that are unobservable with behavioral methods alone. I then review a number of important methodological issues and often forgotten facts that should be considered when evaluating or planning ERP experiments.

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Section: Why Erps Are Well Suited To Study Perception and Attention?mentioning

confidence: 99%

A brief introduction to the use of event-related potentials in studies of perception and attention

Woodman

2010

Attention, Perception & Psychophysics

256

205

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“…The lateralized brain activity could simply reflect differences in stimulus energy between the left and right visual fields in the display (for further discussion, see Lien, Ruthruff, & Cornett, 2010;Lien, Ruthruff, Goodin, & Remington, 2008;Luck, 2005). Furthermore, attention allocation to a lateralized object would also elicit an increased negativity over the posterior, occipital, and temporal scalp contralateral to an attended stimulus, starting roughly 170 ms after stimulus onset (e.g., Eimer, 1996;Luck, Heinze, Mangun, & Hillyard, 1990). This attention allocation takes place prior to any processing of nonspatial features (e.g., Hillyard & AnlloVento, 1998).…”

Section: P1 and N1mentioning

confidence: 99%

An electrophysiological study of the object-based correspondence effect: Is the effect triggered by an intended grasping action?

Lien

Jardin

Proctor

2013

Atten Percept Psychophys

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We examined Goslin, Dixon, Fischer, Cangelosi, and Ellis's (Psychological Science 23:152-157, 2012) claim that the object-based correspondence effect (i.e., faster keypress responses when the orientation of an object's graspable part corresponds with the response location than when it does not) is the result of object-based attention (vision-action binding). In Experiment 1, participants determined the category of a centrally located object (kitchen utensil vs. tool), as in Goslin et al.'s study. The handle orientation (left vs. right) did or did not correspond with the response location (left vs. right). We found no correspondence effect on the response times (RTs) for either category. The effect was also not evident in the P1 and N1 components of the event-related potentials, which are thought to reflect the allocation of early visual attention. This finding was replicated in Experiment 2 for centrally located objects, even when the object was presented 45 times (33 more times than in Exp. 1). Critically, the correspondence effects on RTs, P1s, and N1s emerged only when the object was presented peripherally, so that the object handle was clearly located to the left or right of fixation. Experiment 3 provided further evidence that the effect was observed only for the base-centered objects, in which the handle was clearly positioned to the left or right of center. These findings contradict those of Goslin et al. and provide no evidence that an intended grasping action modulates visual attention. Instead, the findings support the spatial-coding account of the object-based correspondence effect.

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“…To this end, we used EEG recordings of brain activity, a technique that allowed us to extract a neural marker of the shift of attention toward a smoking-related image on a millisecond timescale. In particular, we focused on an ERP component called the N2pc, which is a robust marker for the shift of attention to the spatial location of a stimulus, occurring approximately 200 ms after stimulus onset, contralateral to the location of the attentional shift (Eimer, 1996;Hopf et al, 2000;Luck & Hillyard, 1994). The N2pc has been used to show reward-related attentional capture by colors (Kiss et al, 2009) and objects , with these studies indicating that when participants shift attention in a search display toward reward-related items, this marker of attentional shift is both earlier in time and enhanced in amplitude.…”

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An electrophysiological dissociation of craving and stimulus-dependent attentional capture in smokers

Donohue

Woldorff

Hopf

et al. 2016

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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It has been suggested that over the course of an addiction, addiction-related stimuli become highly salient in the environment, thereby capturing an addict's attention. To assess these effects neurally in smokers, and how they interact with craving, we recorded electroencephalography (EEG) in two sessions: one in which participants had just smoked (noncraving), and one in which they had abstained from smoking for 3 h (craving). In both sessions, participants performed a visual-search task in which two colored squares were presented to the left and right of fixation, with one color being the target to which they should shift attention and discriminate the locations of two missing corners. Task-irrelevant images, both smoking-related and non-smoking-related, were embedded in both squares, enabling the shift of spatial attention to the target to be examined as a function of the addiction-related image being present or absent in the target, the distractor, or both. Behaviorally, participants were slower to respond to targets containing a smoking-related image. Furthermore, when the target contained a smoking-related image, the neural responses indicated that attention had been shifted less strongly to the target; when the distractor contained a smoking-related image, the shift of attention to the contralateral target was stronger. These effects occurred independently of craving and suggest that participants were actively avoiding the smoking-related images. Together, these results provide an electrophysiological dissociation between addiction-related visual-stimulus processing and the neural activity associated with craving.

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The N2pc component as an indicator of attentional selectivity

Cited by 898 publications

References 9 publications

A brief introduction to the use of event-related potentials in studies of perception and attention

A brief introduction to the use of event-related potentials in studies of perception and attention

An electrophysiological study of the object-based correspondence effect: Is the effect triggered by an intended grasping action?

An electrophysiological dissociation of craving and stimulus-dependent attentional capture in smokers

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