The natural history of humeral intracondylar fissure: an observational study of 30 dogs

Moores, A. P.; Moores, Andy

doi:10.1111/jsap.12670

Cited by 46 publications

(112 citation statements)

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“…German Shepherds have a heritability for elbow dysplasia of 0.6 [55], and 0.45 for Golden Retrievers [53]. The identification of increased risk in English Springer Spaniels in the current study may be due to their breed association with humeral intracondylar fissures (HIFs), which can predispose to lameness and low energy fractures [5,6]. In a prospective observational study of English Springer Spaniels without a history of lameness, CT scans revealed HIF in 14% of the dogs, and around 50% had medial coronoid process disease changes, with a total of 60% of apparently clinically normal dogs showing osteoarthritic change [56].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…The elbow was identified as the most frequently abnormal joint in a study of radiographic abnormalities based on screening of 1018 Labradors over one year of age [3]. The canine elbow can be affected by several different diseases, including elbow dysplasia [4], osteoarthritis, humeral intracondylar fissures [5,6], congenital luxations, soft-tissue problems [7] and septic arthritis [2]. However, each of these diseases usually results in a similar clinical presentation that includes lameness, joint pain and reduced elbow movement, and that adversely affect welfare [1,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology and clinical management of elbow joint disease in dogs under primary veterinary care in the UK

O’Neill

Brodbelt

Hodge

et al. 2020

Canine Genet Epidemiol

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Background: Conditions affecting the elbow joint are a common cause of lameness in dogs. Primary-care veterinary clinical data are now recognised as a valuable research resource. Using data from the VetCompass Programme, this study aimed to report the frequency and risk factors for elbow joint disease in dogs under primary veterinary care in the UK and describe clinical management. Results: From 455,069 dogs under veterinary care, the one-year period prevalence for elbow joint disease diagnosis was 0.56% (95% CI: 0.53-0.60). Of 616 incident cases, the most common specific variants of elbow joint disease were osteoarthritis (n = 468, 75.97%), elbow dysplasia (190, 30.84%) and traumatic (41, 6.66%). The most common signs described by the owners were lameness (n = 466, 75.65%), difficulty exercising (123, 19.97%) and pain (86, 13.96%). The most common findings recorded on veterinary examination were pain (n = 283, 45.94%), lameness (278, 45.13%) and reduced range of movement (243, 39.45%). Common medications used included non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (n = 544, 88.31%), tramadol (121, 19.64%) and disease modifying agents (118, 19.16%). Of 109 deaths involving euthanasia with information available from the 616 incident cases, elbow joint disease contributed to the decision to euthanase in 45 (41.28%) dogs. Five breeds showed increased odds of elbow joint disease compared with crossbred dogs: Rottweiler (OR: 6.16, 95% CI 3.89-9.75), Labrador Retriever (OR: 5.94, 95% CI 4.65-7.60), German Shepherd Dog (OR: 4.13, 95% CI 2.88-5.93), Golden Retriever (OR: 3.11, 95% CI 1.93-5.00) and English Springer Spaniel (OR: 2.00, 95% CI 1.26-3.18). Additional risk factors included having an adult bodyweight that was equal or higher than their breed/sex mean, advancing age, being male, being neutered, being insured and larger bodyweight. Conclusions: Elbow joint disease is a relatively common diagnosis in dogs and has a high welfare impact as evidenced by the high proportion of cases recorded with pain, lameness and analgesic therapy. There are strong breed predispositions, in particular for large breed dogs. These findings present a clear case for improved breeding programmes to reduce the burden of elbow joint disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and clinical management of elbow joint disease in dogs under primary veterinary care in the UK

O’Neill

Brodbelt

Hodge

et al. 2020

Canine Genet Epidemiol

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“…Breed predisposition was confirmed for spaniel breeds and detected for French bulldogs. A predisposition of spaniel breeds to HCF has been linked to HIF 9 ; however, the pathogenesis of HCF in French bulldogs remains unknown. Among the fractures that had contralateral limb imaging, only 16 had a HIF, and none were French bulldogs; however, the prevalence of bilateral HIF in nonspaniel breeds is only 33% 30 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lateral HCF predominate, with prior articles reporting the distribution of lateral, medial, and bicondylar fractures as 62.1%, 7.7% and 30.2% respectively 1,3‐7 . Humeral condylar fractures are most commonly diagnosed in skeletally immature dogs under 1 year of age 8 or in adult dogs with underlying humeral intracondylar fissures (HIF) 9 . Some breeds have been associated with HCF, namely spaniel breeds (English springer spaniel, cocker spaniel and Cavalier King Charles spaniel), 4,8 French and English bulldogs, 6 Yorkshire terriers, 5,6 and pinschers 6 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of breed on canine humeral condylar fracture configuration, surgical management, and outcome

et al. 2020

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Objective: To report the prevalence, configuration, risk factors, fixation methods and outcomes after repair of humeral condylar fractures (HCF) in dogs. Study design:Retrospective nested cohort study. Sample population: One hundred twelve dogs.Methods: Medical records of dogs referred between January 2010 and August 2018 were searched for HCF. Demographics, fracture configuration, repair, and complications were obtained from medical records. Radiographs were assessed for fracture reduction, implant positioning, and bone healing. Short-term radiographic and clinical outcomes, and long-term owner-assessed outcome was determined. Associations between these variables were statistically analyzed. Results: Dogs with HCF represented 112 of 43 325 (0.26%, 95% CI 0.22-0.31) referrals. French bulldogs and spaniel breeds were predisposed to HCF (P < .02).French bulldogs were 6.58 times (95% CI 1.62-26.7) more likely than other breeds to have a medial HCF (P = .008). Epicondylar plate fixation was associated with reduced complications compared with lag screws and Kirschner wires (P = .009). Lameness was scored as 1 of 5 (median) in the 85 dogs with initial follow-up (median 6 weeks) after HCF repair. Outcome was considered excellent in 26 of 31 dogs with long-term follow-up (median 36 months). Conclusion: French bulldogs and spaniels were predisposed to HCF, and medial HCF were more common in French bulldogs. Epicondylar plate fixation was associated with reduced complications.Clinical significance: French bulldogs are predisposed to HCF, including medial HCF. Epicondylar plate fixation is recommended over other epicondylar fixation methods to reduce complications.

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“…Some orthopaedic conditions, such as HIF, are initially asymptomatic but may become clinically important over time (Moores & Moores 2017). Anecdotally, a similar situation may occur with MPL.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The natural history of canine occult Grade II medial patellar luxation: an observational study

Hamilton¹,

Farrell²,

Mielke

et al. 2020

J of Small Animal Practice

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Objectives To determine the risk of lameness and the rate of subsequent medial patellar luxation surgery in dogs that present with occult Grade II medial patellar luxation. Materials and methods Retrospective owner survey and review of clinical records of adult dogs diagnosed with Grade II medial patellar luxation that were initially asymptomatic and managed non‐surgically that had a minimum of 4‐year follow‐up. Clinical notes and owner questionnaires identified dogs that subsequently developed lameness and required surgery on the previously asymptomatic stifle. Results Thirty‐eight dogs were included with an average follow‐up of 51 months. Seventeen dogs re‐presented for unscheduled contralateral medial patellar luxation surgery at an average of 15 months after initial presentation. A further two dogs had chronic contralateral limb lameness after an average of 33 months after initial surgery and may have been potential surgical candidates. Clinical Significance Fifty percent of adult dogs presenting with occult Grade II medial patellar luxation subsequently developed chronic lameness or required surgery.

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The natural history of humeral intracondylar fissure: an observational study of 30 dogs

Abstract: Eighteen percent of cases progressed to fracture and 24% in total required surgery. This information allows clinicians and owners to make an informed decision regarding surgery when faced with a dog with humeral intracondylar fissure identified as an incidental finding.

Cited by 46 publications

References 9 publications

Epidemiology and clinical management of elbow joint disease in dogs under primary veterinary care in the UK

Epidemiology and clinical management of elbow joint disease in dogs under primary veterinary care in the UK

Impact of breed on canine humeral condylar fracture configuration, surgical management, and outcome

The natural history of canine occult Grade II medial patellar luxation: an observational study

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