The Nature of Flow and the Reaction of Benthic Cnidaria to It

Wainwright, Susan; Koehl, M. A. R.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9724-4_2

Cited by 55 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The duration of low flows during spring tides can be expected to be even shorter. Flow through Fucus stands will likely be less than these measured flow rates due to interactions with the fronds (Kitching et a/., 1952;Fonseca et ai, 1982;Peterson, 1984) and substratumrelated boundary layer effects (Wainwright & Koehl, 1976;Nowell & Jumars, 1984). In addition, flow through Fucus plants varies (Seed et ai, 1981), thus colonies in various positions along Fucus blades will be subject to different flow environments.…”

Section: Discussion Ambient Flow Velocity and Feeding Successmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of neighbors on the feeding of an epifaunal bryozoan

Okamura

1988

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology

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Section: Discussion Ambient Flow Velocity and Feeding Successmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of neighbors on the feeding of an epifaunal bryozoan

Okamura

1988

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology

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“…The need for a coral to structurally withstand hydraulic energy is patent, and massive corals are well adapted to rapid fluctuations in water acceleration (Chamberlain & Graus 1975, Wainwright & Koehl 1976. Corals also have a range of morphological and behavioural characteristics that affect the likelihood of a polyp encountering a food particle (Lewis 1977, Johnson & Sebens 1993, Sebens et al 1997.…”

Section: Environmental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotype × environment interactions in transplanted clones of the massive corals Favia speciosa and Diploastrea heliopora

Todd¹,

Ladle²,

Lewin-Koh³

et al. 2004

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Environment-dependent variation in the morphological, physiological, or behavioural expression of a genotype is termed phenotypic plasticity. To test for small-scale morphological plasticity in the Indo-Pacific massive corals Favia speciosa (Dana, 1846) and Diploastrea heliopora (Lamark, 1816), fragments (clone-mates) from 12 colonies of each species were reciprocally transplanted among 6 new habitats located within 2 environmental gradients: a depth cline and a nearshore-to-offshore gradient in sedimentation rates and total suspended solids (TSS). After 7 mo, all fragments were collected, cleared of tissue, and 10 morphometric characters extracted from randomly chosen corallites. Reaction norms, analysis of variance, and canonical discriminant analysis describe environmentinduced changes in corallite architecture. These changes are more pronounced in the depth cline than along the sediment gradient. Similarity of response is suggested by exploratory factor analysis where, for both species, size attributes dominate the first factor, antisymmetry the second, and corallite exsertion the third. Highly significant genotype × environment interactions for F. speciosa indicate that, for this species, genotypes vary in the level of plasticity expressed. Light and TSS emerge as the primary correlates influencing morphological change, although other parameters might act additively, synergystically or antagonistically with them. In shallow waters, increased corallite exsertion may enhance light capture or, alternatively, protect the central (oral disc) area of each polyp from harmful UV radiation. Morphological variability, combined with environment-induced changes in pigmentation, could impede accurate identification of these taxa.

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“…Whether this difference is genetic or due to phenotypic plasticity coupled with a time lag is, however, not conclusive from our results. If rate of laceration is only a function of flow exposure on the anemone body plan, Gdskldvan anemones would have been expected to produce more lacerates in high flow than Strommarna individuals in low flow, due to the proportionately greater drag in large individuals (Wainwright & Koehl 1976. Koehl 1977.…”

Section: B Strommarnamentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of flow-habitat on body size and reproductive patterns in the sea anemone Metridium senile in the Gullmarsfjord, Sweden

Anthony¹,

Svane²

1994

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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In the Gullmarsfjord, on the west coast of Sweden, a variety of morphs of Metridium senile (L.) are found. A small form (pedal disc diameter 0.3 cm) is found in dense clones (90% coverage) in high-flow habitats at 2 to 5 m depth, and larger forms (pedal disc diameter = 2.5 to 3.5 cm) are found abundantly in subtidal low-flow habitats where body size increases with depth. In order to investigate the adaptive significance of body size and laceration in M senile from different current regimes, individuals of a large and small morph were reciprocally transplanted between a low-flow (<5 cm S-') and a high-flow (>65 cm S-') subtidal habitat, and incidents of pedal laceration were monitored from August 1992 to January 1993. For comparison, 2 experiments (analogous to the field transplants) were carried out in laboratory flumes. The relative importance of sexual reproduction in the 2 habitats was investigated by comparing gonad sizes of mature females. The results of field and laboratory experiments showed that individuals from the high-flow habitat decreased their rate of laceration in low flow, but maintained a higher rate of pedal laceration than the low-flow population irrespective of site of transplantation, suggesting that properties of asexual proliferation possess both habitat-related and intrinsic components. Sexual reproductive allocation was positively correlated with body size and was significantly greater among females from the low-flow population When adjusted for a common body weight, however, differences in gonad sizes were insignificant. Frequent asexual replication of the genet and fertility at a small size (1 g) are argued to be important features in the high-flow habitat which compensate for the reduced reproductive output of individual anemones and eventually maximize clonal fitness.

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The Nature of Flow and the Reaction of Benthic Cnidaria to It

Cited by 55 publications

References 14 publications

The influence of neighbors on the feeding of an epifaunal bryozoan

The influence of neighbors on the feeding of an epifaunal bryozoan

Genotype × environment interactions in transplanted clones of the massive corals Favia speciosa and Diploastrea heliopora

Effects of flow-habitat on body size and reproductive patterns in the sea anemone Metridium senile in the Gullmarsfjord, Sweden

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