The Nature of Plants

Crang, Richard E.; Lyons-Sobaski, Sheila; Wise, Robert R.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-77315-5_1

Cited by 38 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The walls of collenchyma cells are largely hydrated cellulose, but small amounts of hemicellulose and pectin have also been reported 43 , 44 . Collenchyma cells have unequally thickened primary cell walls, especially when observed in cross-sectional views 45 . The different thickness patterns of the walls are a characteristic feature, which is formed during elongation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary fiber components, microstructure, and texture of date fruits (Phoenix dactylifera, L.)

Kamal‐Eldin

George

Sobti

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Date fruits vary widely in the hardness of their edible parts and they are classified accordingly into soft, semi-dry, and dry varieties. Fruit texture, a significant parameter in determining consumer acceptance, is related to the tissue structure and chemical composition of the fruit, mainly the ratio of sucrose to reducing sugars. This study aimed to understand the relationship between the chemical composition, microstructure, and texture profile of 10 major Emirati date fruits. The soluble sugars, glucose and fructose, represent ca 80 g/100 g of the fruits on the basis of dry weight (DW) while the dietary fiber contents varied 5.2–7.4 g/100 dg D.W. with lignin being the main determinant of the variability. The textures of the samples were studied using instrumental texture profile analysis. While no correlation was found between the soluble sugar and texture parameters in this study, the different fiber constituents correlated variably with the different parameters of date fruit texture. Lignin, arabinoxylan, galactomannan, and pectin were found to correlate significantly with fruit hardness and the related parameters, gumminess and chewiness. Both lignin and arabinoxylan correlated with resilience, and arabinoxylan exhibited a strong correlation with cohesiveness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary fiber components, microstructure, and texture of date fruits (Phoenix dactylifera, L.)

Kamal‐Eldin

George

Sobti

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…sinense had several structures that adapted to dry environments, including an endodermis, sclerenchyma layers, and hypodermal sterome ( Chapple & Peterson, 1987 ; Neira et al, 2017 ; Wetzel et al, 2017 ; De los Ángeles Lagoria et al, 2018 ). However, like many shade-adapted ferns ( Evert, 2006 ; Yuan, Zhang & Shang, 2007 ; Zhang & Wu, 2013 ; Crang, Lyons-Sobaski & Wise, 2018 ), this plant also had a thin cuticle and isolateral mesophyll, which suggested a tolerance of shady environments. In contrast, epiphytic and xerophytic ferns, which are more adapted to xeric environments but also do not tolerate shade, have roots with an exodermis, many sclerenchyma layers, and helical thickenings ( Chapple & Peterson, 1987 ; Damus et al, 1997 ; Neira et al, 2017 ; Wetzel et al, 2017 ; De los Ángeles Lagoria et al, 2018 ); rhizomes with peripheral sclerenchyma layers ( Wetzel et al, 2017 ; De los Ángeles Lagoria et al, 2018 ); and leaves with thick cuticles ( Neira et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…sinense , the adventitious roots, the rhizomes, and the leaf axes all had an endodermis with the following histochemical features; Casparian bands and suberin lamellae surrounded by sclerenchyma layers. These characteristics tend to vary distinctly across tissues and organs in almost all other vascular plants ( Ogura, 1972 ; Fahn, 1990 ; Lersten, 1997 ; Enstone, Peterson & Ma, 2003 ; Evert, 2006 ; Yang et al, 2011 , 2014 , 2019a , 2019b , 2019c , 2020 ; Zhang et al, 2017 ; Zhang, Yang & Seago, 2018 ; Crang, Lyons-Sobaski & Wise, 2018 ; Xiang et al, 2019 ). Displaying alike to A. reniforme var.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and the epiphytic Pleopeltis macrocarpa possess an endodermis and a sclerenchyma layer around the vascular bundles throughout the plant ( Wetzel et al, 2017 ; De los Ángeles Lagoria et al, 2018 ). The endodermis and the sclerenchyma layers support and protect the bodies of vascular plants such as ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms ( Fahn, 1990 ; Lersten, 1997 ; Enstone, Peterson & Ma, 2003 ; Evert, 2006 ; Yang et al, 2011 , 2014 , 2019a , 2019b , 2019c , 2020 ; Crang, Lyons-Sobaski & Wise, 2018 ; Zhang et al, 2017 ; Zhang, Yang & Seago, 2018 ; Xiang et al, 2019 ). The presence of these structures suggested that A. reniforme var.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological and anatomical adaptations to dry, shady environments in Adiantum reniforme var. sinense (Pteridaceae)

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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The natural distribution of the rare perennial fern Adiantum reniforme var. sinense (Pteridaceae), which is endemic to shady cliff environments, is limited to small areas of Wanzhou County, Chongqing, China. In this study, we used brightfield and epifluorescence microscopy to investigate the anatomical structures and histochemical features that may allow this species to thrive in shady, dry cliff environments. The A. reniforme var. sinense sporophyte had a primary structure and a dictyostele. The plants of this species had an endodermis, sclerenchyma layers and hypodermal sterome, reflecting an adaption to dry cliff environments. Blades had a thin cuticle and isolateral mesophyll, suggesting a tolerance of shady environments. These characteristics are similar to many sciophyte ferns such as Lygodium japonicum and Pteris multifida. Thus, the morphological and anatomical characteristics of A. reniforme var. sinense identified in this study are consistent with adaptations to shady, dry cliff environments.

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“…This suggests that primary growth may represent an opportunity for the roots of hemiparasites to increase in length to search for available water, nutrients and host roots, even if they have attached the host. The root cortex plays a role in starch storage ( Crang, Lyons-Sobaski & Wise, 2018 ), and the much larger root cortex of the attached M. savatieri seedlings at the same phase than in the unattached seedlings suggests that the nutrients obtained from the host likely allowed the hemiparasite to accumulate more starch, thus providing energy for further root development and seedling growth ( Figs. 6A – 6H ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The changes of morphological and physiological characteristics in hemiparasiticMonochasma savatieribefore and after attachment to the host plant

Chen

Zhu

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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Background Monochasma savatieri is an endangered hemiparasitic medicinal plant with a variety of antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Despite the urgent need to understand the parasitic biology of M. savatieri, parasite-host associations have long been neglected in studies of M. savatieri. Methods We conducted a pot cultivation experiment to analyze changes in the growth traits, physiological performance and anatomical structures of M. savatieri grown with the potential host Gardenia jasminoides E., before and after the establishment of the parasite-host association. Results Prior to the establishment of the parasite-host association, the presence of the host had no significant effect on the maximum root length, leaf indexes or total dry weight of M. savatieri seedlings, but had significant positive effect on seedling height, number of roots or number of haustoria. When it was continuously grown without a host, M. savatieri growth was rather slow. The establishment of the parasite-host association enhanced the growth of M. savatieri, and higher levels of photosynthetic pigments, increased antioxidant enzyme activity and lower malondialdehyde accumulation were observed in M. savatieri with an established parasite-host association. Furthermore, an analysis of the anatomical structures of M. savatieri showed that the establishment of the parasite-host association enabled better development of the seedling vegetative organs than that in seedlings without parasite-host associations. Conclusions Our study demonstrates the physiological and anatomical changes that occurred in M. savatieri after connection with a host and suggests that the enhanced growth and development of M. savatieri were highly dependent on the parasite-host association.

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The Nature of Plants

Cited by 38 publications

References 14 publications

Dietary fiber components, microstructure, and texture of date fruits (Phoenix dactylifera, L.)

Dietary fiber components, microstructure, and texture of date fruits (Phoenix dactylifera, L.)

Morphological and anatomical adaptations to dry, shady environments in Adiantum reniforme var. sinense (Pteridaceae)

The changes of morphological and physiological characteristics in hemiparasiticMonochasma savatieribefore and after attachment to the host plant

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