The Nature of Scientific Knowledge

McCain, Kevin

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-33405-9

Cited by 63 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 212 publications

(260 reference statements)

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“…14 Thanks to Jonathan Vogel for suggesting this way of illustrating our point. 15 The ER is similar to the way that some, such as McCain (2016), have appealed to inference to the best explanation to respond to the problem of induction. This shouldn't be surprising, however, if Bernecker (2008) is correct that memory skepticism and the problem of induction are analogous problems.…”

Section: Explanationist Response To Memory Skepticism (Er)mentioning

confidence: 94%

Forgetting memory skepticism

Frise

McCain

2020

Philos Phenomenol Research

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Memory skepticism alleges that our memory beliefs lack justification. 1 More precisely, the memory skeptic claims among other things that when we seem to remember that p, believing that p isn't justified. A central argument for memory skepticism attacks our justification for thinking the faculty of memory is epistemically trustworthy. Memory's epistemic trustworthiness has to do with this faculty functioning in a way necessary for it to provide epistemic justification. Epistemologists of various stripes will understand exactly what it is for memory to be epistemically trustworthy differently. Despite these differences, most have tended to focus on memory's reliability simpliciter-its tendency to produce a preponderance of true beliefs. 2 An interpretation we will focus on concerns instead mem-1 When we speak of "memory beliefs" we include all beliefs the contents of which we seem to remember. Whether or not such a belief constitutes a genuine or only an apparent memory is a further question. Importantly, "memory beliefs" doesn't just include beliefs with contents about the past. After all, one might believe and apparently remember that all dogs are mammals. Further, "memory beliefs" also includes any dispositional beliefs that one has, i.e., any belief that we would typically say is stored in one's memory.

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Section: Explanationist Response To Memory Skepticism (Er)mentioning

confidence: 94%

Forgetting memory skepticism

Frise

McCain

2020

Philos Phenomenol Research

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“…Science is generally perceived by society as apolitical and free of values, a search for evidence that enlightens our knowledge (Iñiguez et al, 2012). Despite the important debate in Academia on the political basis of science (Jasanoff, 1998;McCain, 2016), this public perception promotes science as a reliable source of knowledge that is widely used by policymakers and diplomats, from advising policy to reinforcing political values (Weiss, 2005;Pielke, 2007;Oliver and Cairney, 2019).…”

Section: Science and International Relationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Ocean Science Diplomacy for Ocean Affairs, Global Sustainability, and the UN Decade of Ocean Science

Polejack

2021

Front. Mar. Sci.

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The ocean is highly impacted by human activities, and ambitious levels of science are urgently needed to support decision making in order to achieve sustainability. Due to the high cost and risk associated with ocean exploration and monitoring in time and space, vast areas of the oceanic social ecological system remain under-sampled or unknown. Governments have recognized that no single nation can on its own fill these scientific knowledge gaps, and this has led to a number of agreements to support international scientific collaboration and the exchange of information and capacity. This paper reviews current discussions on ocean science diplomacy, i.e., the intersection of science with international ocean affairs. Ocean science is intrinsically connected with diplomacy in supporting negotiations toward a more sustainable future. Diplomacy supports essential aspects of scientific work such as capacity building, technology and information/knowledge exchange, and access and sharing of research platforms. Ocean science diplomacy underlies the work of many intergovernmental organizations that provide scientific guidance, such as the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC), the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES), and United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). To illustrate how critical science diplomacy is to global ocean affairs, this paper examines examples of the influence of ocean science diplomacy in UNCLOS. Furthermore, this paper discusses the utility of ocean science diplomacy in support of the UN 2030 agenda, and the UN Decade of Ocean Science.

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“…In order to figure out how to address the problem of low acceptance of the central unifying theory of biology, we must first get clear on how we should go about investigating the factors leading to the problem. We could partially rectify the problem of how to research understanding and acceptance of evolution by increasing the general appreciation of the philosophical work that has been done analyzing the concepts of belief, knowledge, and acceptance (McCain and Weslake, 2013; McCain, 2016).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…So, what is happening when she says that she does not believe that Earth is larger than the moon? Most plausibly, she is emphasizing that this fact is not something that she merely believes; it is something that the child has a better connection to than mere belief—she believes this for reasons sufficient for knowing it to be true, for example, she studied and understood the relevant evidence (for more on the nature of belief and its relation to knowledge, see McCain, 2016).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Which question do polls about evolution and belief really ask, and why does it matter?

McCain

Kampourakis

2016

Public Underst Sci

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Data from studies conducted to determine acceptance rates for evolution are often misleading. The questions that are asked and compared to one another do not always give an authentic picture of respondents' views. Quite often, polls, such as those by IPSOS, Gallup, and PEW, also run together questions asking respondents' beliefs in concepts like God with questions asking respondents' beliefs about concepts like evolution. The two are distinct and should not be confused. One might believe in evolution while having wrong beliefs about it, whereas someone else might decide not to believe in evolution while having accurate beliefs about it. Distinguishing between " belief in" and " belief about" might help remove an unrecognized confounding element from these studies.

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The Nature of Scientific Knowledge

Cited by 63 publications

References 212 publications

Forgetting memory skepticism

Forgetting memory skepticism

The Importance of Ocean Science Diplomacy for Ocean Affairs, Global Sustainability, and the UN Decade of Ocean Science

Which question do polls about evolution and belief really ask, and why does it matter?

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