[H 3 L = 3-(3-carboxyphenoxy) phthalic acid, 4,4Ј-bpy = 4,4Ј-bipyridine, 2,2Ј-bpy = 2,2Ј-bipyridine, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline], were synthesized and structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, and IR spectroscopy. Single-crystal X-ray analyses reveal that complexes 1-3 have different one-dimensional (1D) chain structures including zigzag chain, ladder chain, and helical chain,