The Nature of Vanadium in Petroleum. Extraction and Volatility Studies

Abstract

The Nature of Vanadium in Petroleum Additional data presented here will help minimize vanadium's harmful effect on corrosion and catalyst loss Extraction Studies '\/ anadium, although found in low concentration in certain crude oils, contributes greatly to carbon and hydrogen formation during catalytic cracking of high-boiling distillate streams and to increased furnace corrosion when residual fuel from these oils is burned. As the combined catalyst and corrosion losses amount to millions of dollars each year, considerable effort has been made 1 157 * 100.8 g. castor oil containing 0.9 mg. Ni mesoporphyrin diester and 4.0 mg. vanadyl mesoporphyrin diester in which absorbance X 6.2 = p.p.m. V. Dilution factor included.

An Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Investigation of Vanadium in Petroleum Oils

“…Since a different standard was used in that work and crudes of a different origin and vanadium content were examined, it is not possible to specify any single cause for this discrepancy. Our results on oil distillates are, however, in agreement with other studies (1,17) regarding the nature of vanadium compounds in petroleum.…”

“…Several aspects of the nature of vanadium compounds in oil have been revealed by investigations based largely on chemical and spectrophotometric techniques. These studied have included the identification or isolation of vanadium porphyrin in certain crudes (IS, 15) and investigations of physical properties (1,17). Chemical evidence for the existence of three classes of metallic complexes in oils has been presented (7) and the discrepancy to the effect that there exists only 10 to 40% enough porphyrin LITERATURE CITED (1) Heus, R. J., Egan, J. J., J. Electrochem.…”

Direct Determination of Metalloporphyrins in Boscan Crude Oil.

“…A correction for the presence of compounds other than metalloporphyrins absorbing in this range was made (Figure 1) in the same manner as described previously (5) for porphyrins freed of metals. The base-line method of correcting for background absorption was previously applied (1,10). Some experiments were made to determine whether drawing a base line to subtract incidental absorption would provide consistent analytical data.…”

Porphyrin, Nickel, Vanadium, and Nitrogen in Petroleum.

“…Although the importance of metals and porphyrins in crude oils has been widely recognized and studied during recent years, no comprehensive study of the interrelationships of these substances has been made. Several facets of the problem of vanadium and nickel in many asphaltic crudes was recognized and examined by Jones. More recently, asphaltic oils were shown to contain considerable amounts of porphyrin complexed vanadium and nickel (1,4,6,7,13).…”