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The Nature of Vanadium in Petroleum Additional data presented here will help minimize vanadium's harmful effect on corrosion and catalyst loss Extraction Studies '\/ anadium, although found in low concentration in certain crude oils, contributes greatly to carbon and hydrogen formation during catalytic cracking of high-boiling distillate streams and to increased furnace corrosion when residual fuel from these oils is burned. As the combined catalyst and corrosion losses amount to millions of dollars each year, considerable effort has been made 1 157 * 100.8 g. castor oil containing 0.9 mg. Ni mesoporphyrin diester and 4.0 mg. vanadyl mesoporphyrin diester in which absorbance X 6.2 = p.p.m. V. Dilution factor included.

that incorporation of small amounts of the amino acid (VII) 0 D. v, + H 2 0 ~f . cH2im VI1 as a comonomer in some polyamide formulations imparted a desirable characteristic to the copolymers without destroying the properties of the polyamide. Preparation and characterization of the copolymers will be described in a subsequent publication.

A wide range of nonionic surfactants was studied in an extensive inter-laboratory biodegradability testing program carried out by member companies of The Soap and Detergent Association over a three year period. The objectives were to determine the biodegradability of a variety of nonionie surfactants, and to develop a reliable laboratory scale test method which could be used to evaluate the biodegradability of new candidate materials. The results of this research and testing confirm that the primary and secondary alcohol ethoxylates, the alkyl alkanolamides, and the alkyl amine oxides are all highly biodegradable. These materials represent the important classes of nonionics used in household and institutional synthetic detergents. The removal of these materials under conditions of normal secondary wastewater treatment can be anticipated. The diversity of structures represented in the complete nonionic surfaetant spectrum, and the problems of residue analysis imposed serious obstacles in the development of a single standard laboratory procedure which will correlate well with the limited field data presently available. The objective of establishing a standard test for all nonionics was not achieved. Residues of nonionic surfactants from household and institutional synthetic detergents do not appear to contribute to esthetic water pollution or to interfere with waste treatment processes. A variety of biodegradability assessment procedures, applicable to specific nonionics or nonionic groups are currently available and should assure that their residues will not adversely affect the quality of receiving waters. The Subcommittee plans to maintain a program for continued research in nonionic biodegradability testing.

There is considerable pressure on equine veterinarians to achieve good pregnancy rates with very small doses of semen. Phenylephrine administration in the rabbit increased numbers of oviductal, uterine, and cervical sperm, myometrial contractions, and fertilized ova after low dose insemination. The use of phenylephrine to enhance uterine contractility and fertility has not been investigated in the mare. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine if phenylephrine administration would result in clinically acceptable pregnancy rates in mares bred by low dose insemination. The hypothesis (Ha) was that pregnancy rates would be significantly higher in mares receiving phenylephrine compared to saline controls. Six pony mares and eight horse mares were enrolled in this study. Mares were inseminated within 24 hours of ovulation with 30 million progressively motile spermatozoa from a single fertile stallion. Immediately following insemination, mares were administered either phenylephrine (0.06 mg/kg) or 1mL of saline via IV injection. Pregnancy status was determined 14 days following ovulation via transrectal ultrasonography. Pregnancy rates in phenylephrine treated mares were 44% (4/9) while 22% (2/9) in saline-treated mares (P > 0.05).