The nature‐versus‐nurture debate on bioactive phytochemicals: the genome versus <i>terroir</i>

Lila, Mary Ann

doi:10.1002/jsfa.2677

Cited by 42 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This idea is in accordance with similar studies conducted on various other berries reporting a higher levels of bioactive phytochemicals and total phenols in organically bred fruits than their commercially grown counterparts [15,24]. Berries grown in the wild have a myriad of positive health benefits and are ideal to study secondary phytochemicals released in response to natural chemical and physical stresses [25]. However, greater knowledge in the environmental conditions, soil quality, and seasonal variations would be beneficial to produce juneberries with higher nutritional value.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Additionally our results show that total phenolic content and orthophenolic content in juneberries from 2012 were higher than in juneberries obtained from the 2013 and 2014. Food nutritionists investigating fruits and vegetables grown today and those grown seven decades back have shown a lower amount of calcium, iron, vitamin C and phytochemicals have been quantified in current domesticated crops [25].Therefore, even among wild juneberries it is possible that the nutrient content may decline over time corresponding to the changes in the environment. The high phytochemical content and bioactivity shown by A. alnifolia in this study indicates that juneberries have great therapeutic benefit and is also an excellent source of dietary antioxidants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Chemopreventive Contents of Native American Juneberries ( (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roem.)

Gunawardana¹,

Eberhart²,

Hartman³

et al. 2016

Pharmac. Crops

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Juneberry (Amelanchier alnifolia) is a shrub with edible berry-like fruit commonly found across the Northern Great Plains of North America and widely used by Native Americans as a medicinal plant. This study was an effort to assess the chemopreventive contents of juneberry extracts in ethanol by measuring the total phenolic content, orthophenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical cation decolorization assay, and cytoprotective effects on HepG2 cells. The total phenolic content upon treatment with Folin-Ciocalteu's reagent ranged from 0.2261 ± 0.0031 to 19.311 ± 1.651 mg.g -1 tannic acid equivalents. Orthophenolic content quantified by monitoring the bathochromic shifts upon reacting with sodium molybdate ranged from 0.12 ± 0.03 to 2.38 ± 0.15 mg.g -1 of FW. Antioxidant activity using DPPH assay ranged from 50.08 ± 0.77 to 98.60 ± 1.12%, in contrast to quercetin dihydrate with an activity of 86.20 ± 0.05%. ABTS radical scavenging assay produced inhibition from 1.90 ± 0.11 to 60.25 ± 1.65% as opposed to 6-hydroxy-2, 5, 7, 8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) with an inhibition of 94.03 ± 0.21% . HepG2 cells treated with 100 µg/µL of sample WC2B showed 56% cell-viability against tert-Butyl hydroperoxide in comparison to quercetin dihydrate which showed 90% cytoprotection. Total phenolic content and orthophenolic content in juneberries from 2012 were higher than in juneberries obtained from the 2013 and 2014. Similarly fruit grown in the wild showed significantly higher antioxidant activity and phenolic content than those grown in domestic cultivars.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Chemopreventive Contents of Native American Juneberries ( (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roem.)

Gunawardana¹,

Eberhart²,

Hartman³

et al. 2016

Pharmac. Crops

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show abstract

“…In higher plants, thousands of molecules have polyphenolic structures that are thought to be involved in protecting plants against ultraviolet radiation, aggression by pathogens or stress-related responses such as drought or other extreme environmental conditions [26,27,28,29]; see [26] for a review of polyphenolic compounds. For example, wild Alaska berries exposed to harsh environmental conditions displayed high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory bioactivity of phenolic molecules compared to commercial berries [28].…”

Section: Chemical Structure Comparison Of the Polyphenolic/phytoesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resveratrol, 4′ Acetoxy Resveratrol, R-equol, Racemic Equol or S-equol as Cosmeceuticals to Improve Dermal Health

Lephart

2017

IJMS

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Phytochemicals are botanical compounds used in dermatology applications as cosmeceuticals to improve skin health. Resveratrol and equol are two of the best-known polyphenolic or phytoestrogens having similar chemical structures and some overlapping biological functions to 17β-estradiol. Human skin gene expression was reviewed for 28 different biomarkers when resveratrol, 4′ acetoxy resveratrol (4AR), R-equol, racemic equol or S-equol were tested. Sirtuin 1 activator (SIRT 1) was stimulated by resveratrol and 4AR only. Resveratrol, R-equol and racemic equol were effective on the aging biomarkers proliferating cell nuclear factor (PCNA), nerve growth factor (NGF), 5α-reductase and the calcium binding proteins S100 A8 and A9. Racemic equol and 4AR displayed among the highest levels for the collagens, elastin and tissue inhibitor of the matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP 1). S-equol displayed the lowest level of effectiveness compared to the other compounds. The 4AR analog was more effective compared to resveratrol by 1.6-fold. R-equol and racemic equol were almost equal in potency displaying greater inhibition vs. resveratrol or its 4′ analog for the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), but among the inflammatory biomarkers, resveratrol, 4AR, R-equol and racemic equol displayed high inhibition. Thus, these cosmeceuticals display promise to improve dermal health; however, further study is warranted to understand how phytochemicals protect/enhance the skin.

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“…The biosynthesis pathway of the stilbenes in plants is closed in general conditions, which is only activated in response to microbial infections and other environmental inducers. Environmental factors including biotic and abiotic stimuli, carbon-nutrition balance, genotype and ontogenesis usually control and regulate the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in plants [27][28][29]. The enzymes involved in the biosynthesis pathway of stilbenes express after the expression of corresponding genes, and the expression level of the enzyme genes is under strict regulation in plant cells due to coordinate control of the biosynthetic genes by transcription factors [30].…”

Section: The Relevant Enzymes and Regulation In Biosynthesis Pathway mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relevant Enzymes, Genes and Regulation Mechanisms in Biosynthesis Pathway of Stilbenes

Lü¹,

Wang²,

Zhao³

2012

OJMC

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Stilbenes are natural phenolic compounds which function as antimicrobial phytoalexins in plants and affect human health as cardioprotective, antibaceteria, antioxidative and antineoplastic agents. In this review, the progresses of study on relevant enzymes, genes, and regulation mechanism in biosynthesis pathway of stilbenes are described. Here we introduce a holistic and systematic method of researching relevant enzymes, genes and other regulatory factors in bio-synthesis pathway of stilbenes-Systems biology. The application of knowledge of relative enzymes, genes and regulation mechanisms in stilbenes biosynthesis in metabolic engineering which is used as a tool of improving the disease resistance of plants and health caring quality of crops is also discussed.

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The nature‐versus‐nurture debate on bioactive phytochemicals: the genome versus terroir

Cited by 42 publications

References 40 publications

Assessment of Chemopreventive Contents of Native American Juneberries ( (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roem.)

Assessment of Chemopreventive Contents of Native American Juneberries ( (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roem.)

Resveratrol, 4′ Acetoxy Resveratrol, R-equol, Racemic Equol or S-equol as Cosmeceuticals to Improve Dermal Health

Relevant Enzymes, Genes and Regulation Mechanisms in Biosynthesis Pathway of Stilbenes

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