Summary. In 1980 steps were undertaken in Australia to commence a review of the Neale Analysis of Reading Ability (Neale, 1958) which culminated in a revision and restandardisation of the test in 1984. This paper outlines the major features of this revision and presents data on the reading performance of boys and girls from the standardisation sample drawn from two Australian states, Victoria and South Australia. The results overall suggest that girls and boys do not differ significantly in performance at different age levels, except in speed of reading (Rate) and word recognition skills (Accuracy), in their first year of schooling. It was also observed that differences exist between the original norms and the revised norms for Australian children and that continued use of the former would result in significantly biased estimation of the reading performance of Australian children.