The need for a ‘migration turn’ in aged care policy: a comparative study of Australian and German migration policies and their impact on migrant aged care

Brandhorst, Rosa María; Baldassar, Loretta; Wilding, Raelene

doi:10.1080/1369183x.2019.1629893

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This puts the onus on younger family members to increase all forms of care, but in particular the need to be physically co-present to provide hands-on care for the parents in the home country. This set of responsibilities is not aided by the lack of transnational social and welfare policies, care leave options and transferable contributory long-term-care (LTC) provisions (Brandhorst et al, 2019).…”

Section: Overview Of the Articlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction to the Special Issue: “Transnational Family Care ‘On Hold’? Intergenerational Relationships and Obligations in the Context of Immobility Regimes”

Brandhorst

Baldassar

Wilding

2020

Journal of Intergenerational Relationships

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Introduction: transnational family care 'on hold'? This special issue explores how members of transnational families manage their intergenerational care obligations in the context of increasing restrictions to cross-border mobility. We ask: How do limits on mobility impact on transnational intergenerational family care relations? It is now well established in the transnational family literature that despite geographic separation, members of transnational families maintain a feeling of collective welfare and unity, of "familyhood" (Bryceson & Vuorela, 2002). This connectedness is built up and sustained through the intergenerational exchange of a range of care and support practices, including those between adult migrants and their aging parents (e.g., Baldassar et al., 2007) and those between parents and their dependent children (e.g., Madianou & Miller, 2012). When considered across the life course, it becomes clear that these intergenerational exchanges are reciprocal (Finch & Mason, 1993), but also uneven circulations of care between family members (Baldassar & Merla, 2014). It is rare that kin will objectively measure their specific contributions or gains from the care that is given, received and circulated (Olwig, 2007). Rather, family members develop a 'feeling' for when their contributions are undervalued or might exceed what is likely to be returned (Wilding, 2018). These feelings are informed by gendered and generational role expectations, such as those of the 'loyal and dutiful daughter' or the 'selfless, doting grandmother' (e.g., Zhou, 2012), as well as by the density of the kin network, and the role of extended family members (e.g., Baldassar & Brandhorst, 2020; Brandhorst, 2015). They in turn inform the extent to which individual family members feel compelled to contribute to the rituals, demands and maintenance of familyhood (Olwig, 2002). Because transnational care takes place, by definition, across distance, research has focused on the important role of information and communication technologies (ICTs), which allow people to experience new forms of co

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Section: Overview Of the Articlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction to the Special Issue: “Transnational Family Care ‘On Hold’? Intergenerational Relationships and Obligations in the Context of Immobility Regimes”

Brandhorst

Baldassar

Wilding

2020

Journal of Intergenerational Relationships

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“…Uitermark, Rossi, and Van Houtum 2005;Poppelaars and Scholten 2008;Careja 2019). However, few studies investigate the implications of diversity-mainstreaming on the provision of health and social care to minorities (for an exception see Brandhorst, Baldassar, and Wilding 2019). Despite the limited literature, our review of the diversity-mainstreaming research through the lens of crafting practices helped us to identify potential problems and possibilities caused by the implementation of diversity-mainstreaming policies in the health and social care domain.…”

Section: Diversity-mainstreaming Policies Through a Crafting Lensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This transition to diversity-mainstreaming policies will, undoubtedly, have affected care provision for ethnic minority elders. However, to our knowledge, little research has been conducted on how diversity-mainstreaming affects aged care (for an exception see Brandhorst, Baldassar, and Wilding 2019). This constitutes a significant gap since ethnic minority elders represent a growing population not only in the Netherlands, but in many immigration countries (De Valk and Fokkema 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity-mainstreaming in times of ageing and migration: implementation paradoxes in municipal aged care provision

Carlsson

Pijpers

2021

Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies

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Accompanying a shift from multiculturalism to assimilation in integration discourse, several European immigration countries have shifted from multiculturalist to diversity-mainstreaming policies in the aged care sector. This paper answers the question to what extent diversity-mainstreaming policies provided scope for crafting care provision that is responsive to the needs of ethnic minority elders. To study the implementation of diversitymainstreaming policies in aged care we conducted a two-year qualitative study in Nijmegen and The Hague, The Netherlands. We identified a mix of mainstreamed and ethno-specific aged care provision which reflected stakeholders' ongoing practical concern with diversity among ethnic minority elders. Nevertheless, we found diversity-mainstreaming policies to be plagued by implementation paradoxes. In some interpretations, 'diversity' inhibited concrete action to address inequality experienced by ethnic minorities. When 'diversity' did provide space to tailor services, these were framed as temporary responses to the language barriers of the current generation of ethnic minority elders. We found this assimilationist framing to undermine long-term investment in the local knowledge needed to reach minority elders. We suggest that policymakers renew support for ethno-specific services and intercultural expertise to successfully meet the diverse care needs of current and future generations of older minority populations.

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“…Transnational support networks of older migrants are insufficiently recognized in Australian migration, health and LTC-policies, creating barriers to transnational care (Baldassar 2014;Brandhorst, Baldassar & Wilding 2019). In Tan's case, family reunion and sponsoring relatives is not easy.…”

Section: Tan-'refugees' Mobility and Welfare Regime Restrictions'mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An increasing number of older people have to organise their aged care across national borders. However, distant support networks and mobility of older people are invisible to most care-related policy, which tends to focus on local or 'in place' support organized within the nation-state (Baldassar et al 2017;Brandhorst, Baldassar & Wilding 2019). In research and policy older people are conceptualized as immobile, confined to an aged care facility, the neighbourhood or family living nearby.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A regimes-of-mobility-and-welfare approach: The impact of migration and welfare policies on transnational social support networks of older migrants in Australia

Brandhorst¹

2020

JFamRes

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In this paper, I examine the implications of welfare and migration policies on transnational aged care arrangements of older migrants in Australia. The paper draws on the results of an ethnographical, biographical and network analytical study of transnational social support networks of older migrants in Perth. I present the developed typology of older migrants and their possibilities of transnational care through three case studies that exemplify each type, namely 'retirement migrant by choice', 'financial obstacles of traditional labour migrants', and 'mobility and welfare regime restrictions of refugees'. The case studies show, first, that the maintenance of social ties across national borders through which different forms of care are organised is constrained by the Australian mobility regime, where temporary migration schemes prevail and migration policies are increasingly restrictive. Second, transnational social support is affected by a welfare regime that is increasingly linked to the mobility regime, as the rights to social welfare and long-term care are often linked to citizenship. Third, inequalities in the possibilities of transnational care and inaccess to mobility are linked to migrants’ legal and socioeconomic status in the country of settlement and the position of their country of origin in the global geopolitical hierarchy. Based on these findings, I propose a 'regimes-of-mobility-and-welfare' approach for the study of transnational social support and family care, which considers the effects of ‘sedentary’ policies and the intertwinement of mobility and welfare regimes.

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The need for a ‘migration turn’ in aged care policy: a comparative study of Australian and German migration policies and their impact on migrant aged care

Cited by 28 publications

References 28 publications

Introduction to the Special Issue: “Transnational Family Care ‘On Hold’? Intergenerational Relationships and Obligations in the Context of Immobility Regimes”

Introduction to the Special Issue: “Transnational Family Care ‘On Hold’? Intergenerational Relationships and Obligations in the Context of Immobility Regimes”

Diversity-mainstreaming in times of ageing and migration: implementation paradoxes in municipal aged care provision

A regimes-of-mobility-and-welfare approach: The impact of migration and welfare policies on transnational social support networks of older migrants in Australia

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