Introduction: transnational family care 'on hold'? This special issue explores how members of transnational families manage their intergenerational care obligations in the context of increasing restrictions to cross-border mobility. We ask: How do limits on mobility impact on transnational intergenerational family care relations? It is now well established in the transnational family literature that despite geographic separation, members of transnational families maintain a feeling of collective welfare and unity, of "familyhood" (Bryceson & Vuorela, 2002). This connectedness is built up and sustained through the intergenerational exchange of a range of care and support practices, including those between adult migrants and their aging parents (e.g., Baldassar et al., 2007) and those between parents and their dependent children (e.g., Madianou & Miller, 2012). When considered across the life course, it becomes clear that these intergenerational exchanges are reciprocal (Finch & Mason, 1993), but also uneven circulations of care between family members (Baldassar & Merla, 2014). It is rare that kin will objectively measure their specific contributions or gains from the care that is given, received and circulated (Olwig, 2007). Rather, family members develop a 'feeling' for when their contributions are undervalued or might exceed what is likely to be returned (Wilding, 2018). These feelings are informed by gendered and generational role expectations, such as those of the 'loyal and dutiful daughter' or the 'selfless, doting grandmother' (e.g., Zhou, 2012), as well as by the density of the kin network, and the role of extended family members (e.g., Baldassar & Brandhorst, 2020; Brandhorst, 2015). They in turn inform the extent to which individual family members feel compelled to contribute to the rituals, demands and maintenance of familyhood (Olwig, 2002). Because transnational care takes place, by definition, across distance, research has focused on the important role of information and communication technologies (ICTs), which allow people to experience new forms of co
