The Neogene de-greening of Central Asia

Caves, Jeremy K.; Moragne, Danielle Y.; Ibarra, Daniel E.; Bayshashov, Bolat U.; Gao, Yuan; Jones, Matthew M.; Zhamangara, Aizhan; Arzhannikova, Anastasia V.; Arzhannikov, S.G.; Chamberlain, C. Page

doi:10.1130/g38267.1

Cited by 63 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that the expansion of the source regions for the southern CLP inferred from our data was controlled by both the stepwise aridification of the Asian interior and the strengthening of the EAWM during the late Cenozoic. This aridification of inner Asia is widely recorded in various archives (Caves et al, 2016;Ding et al, 2000;Dupont-Nivet et al, 2007;Jiang & Ding, 2008;Lu et al, 2004Lu et al, , 2010Lu & Guo, 2014;Ma et al, 1998;Passey et al, 2009), and combined with our data it suggests that East Asia experienced stepwise drying at 7.2 Ma, 2.6 Ma, 1.2-0.9 Ma, and during the LGM.…”

Section: Driving Force Behind the Provenance Expansion And Its Implicsupporting

confidence: 88%

Expansion of Dust Provenance and Aridification of Asia Since ~7.2 Ma Revealed by Detrital Zircon U‐Pb Dating

Zhang

Stevens

et al. 2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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The relative importance of global cooling and Tibetan Plateau uplift in driving the aridification of Asia during the late Cenozoic is debated, largely due to the lack of appropriate proxy indicators. Here we address this problem by investigating changes in the source of Chinese loess and Red Clay, which is directly controlled by changes in the extent and distribution of the arid zone of Asia and the intensity of the East Asian winter monsoon, using zircon U‐Pb dating of 27 levels in a near‐continuous eolian sedimentary sequence in southern Chinese Loess Plateau. The results show that source regions expanded stepwise at ~7.2, ~2.6, 1.2–0.9 Ma, and at the Last Glacial Maximum. These changes were synchronous with global cooling and ice cover expansion in the Northern Hemisphere, suggesting that the drivers of aridification of the Asian interior were intimately related to global cooling in the late Cenozoic.

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Section: Driving Force Behind the Provenance Expansion And Its Implicsupporting

confidence: 88%

Expansion of Dust Provenance and Aridification of Asia Since ~7.2 Ma Revealed by Detrital Zircon U‐Pb Dating

Zhang

Stevens

et al. 2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…All weathering proxies in the MJZ section show an apparent rise at ~8.8 Ma unlikely to be attributed to “intense chemical weathering” for the following reasons. First, this transition of proxies is inconsistent with the long‐term aridification of central Asia during the late Cenozoic (Caves et al, ; Ding et al, ; Guo et al, ; Ruddiman & Kutzbach, ), which should lead to reduction in the intensity of chemical weathering. Although a new hypothesis suggests that East Asian summer precipitation increased in the discrete intervals of ~8–7.5 and ~6.5–6 Ma (Nie et al, ), it is still obviously discrepant with the weathering proxies in the Xining Basin showing a rather monotonous pattern during the 8.8–5.2 Ma interval (Figure ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The paleoenvironment and paleoclimate of Asia dramatically changed during the late Cenozoic, such as enhanced central Asian aridification (Caves et al, ; Ding et al, ; Guo et al, ; X. D. Liu et al, ; Lu & Guo, ; Ruddiman & Kutzbach, ) and East Asian monsoon development (An et al, ; Guo et al, ). Generally, uplift of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) could lead to those transitions of paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic patterns in Asia by blocking moisture from the ocean, reorganizing Asian atmospheric circulation, and strengthening the heating difference between land and ocean (Kutzbach et al, ; Li & Fang, ; X. D. Liu & Yin, ; Manabe & Terpstra, ; Tada et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Miocene Intensified Tectonic Uplift and Climatic Aridification on the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau: Evidence From Clay Mineralogical and Geochemical Records in the Xining Basin

Yang

Fang

et al. 2019

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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The uplift of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) during the late Cenozoic is thought to be one of crucial factors controlling Asian climate. However, the complex interaction between tectonics and climate change is still unclear. Here we present the first record of clay mineralogy and elemental geochemistry covering 12.7-4.8 Ma in a fluvial-lacustrine sequence in the Xining Basin. Geochemical provenance proxies (Th/Sc, Zr/Sc, and Cr/Zr) in the <2-μm fraction show a significant provenance change at~8.8 Ma. Silicate-based weathering indexes (CIA, CIW, and PIA) displayed coeval changes with provenance but discrepant changes with regional climate. Since the clay mineralogy exhibits significant change at~7.8 Ma uncorrelated with modifications in provenance, it can be employed to reveal regional climate change. The rise in illite and associated decrease in the sum of smectite and illite/smectite mixed layers reflect gradual and slow aridification since~12.7 Ma with intensified drying since~7.8 Ma until approaching the modern climate status. Our results, together with other regional climatic and tectonic records, clearly illustrate that accelerated uplift of the northeastern TP since~8-9 Ma has mainly modulated the regional erosion, weathering, transportation, and sedimentation and amplified the global cooling and drying trend toward the regional climate of modern conditions. Our study suggests that in the tectonically active northeastern TP, a comprehensive mineralogical and geochemical investigation of the fine-grained fraction of the basin sediments could retrieve the interactions between tectonics and climate behind the complex change in exhumed lithology and sedimentary routing systems.

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“…The sporomorphs results from the Lanzhou basin during the latest Early Oligocene indicate a dominance of arboreal plants that represent a wetter environment characterized by relatively high precipitation and a warm climate, which suggests that East Asia summer monsoon has already supplied abundant rainfall to Lanzhou basin (Miao et al, 2013). Monsoonal circulation existed by the early Miocene was also supported by the presence of persistently lower pedogenic carbonate δ 13 C and higher soil respiration fluxes on the Loess Plateau and in the Himalayan foreland (Caves et al, 2016).…”

Section: East Asian Monsoon and Strengthened Aridification During 30-mentioning

confidence: 91%

Three main stages in the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau during the Cenozoic period and its possible effects on Asian aridification: A review

Wang

Shen

Pang

2018

Preprint

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Abstract. The Tibetan Plateau uplift and its linkages with the evolution of the Asian climate during the Cenozoic are a research focus for numerous geologists. Here, a comprehensive review of tectonic activities across the Tibet shows that the development of the Tibetan Plateau has undergone mainly three stages of the uplift: the near-modern elevation of the central Tibet and significant uplift of the northern margins (~ 55–35 Ma), the further uplift of the plateau margins (30–20 Ma), and a rapid uplift of the plateau margins again (15–8 Ma). The first uplift of the plateau during ~ 55–35 Ma forced the long-term westward retreat of the Paratethys Sea. The high elevation of the central Tibet and/or the Himalayan would enhance rock weathering and erosion contributing to lowering of atmospheric CO2 content, resulting in global cooling. The global cooling, sea retreat coupled with the topographic barrier effect of the Tibetan Plateau could have caused the initial aridification in central Asia during the Eocene time. The second uplift of the northern Tibet could have resulted in the onset of the East Asian winter monsoon as well as intensive desertification of inland Asia, whereas the central-eastern in China became wet. The further strengthening of the East Asian winter monsoon and the inland Asian aridification during 15–8 Ma was probably associated with the Tibetan Plateau uplift and global cooling. Therefore, the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau plays a very important role in the Asian aridification.

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The Neogene de-greening of Central Asia

Abstract: Contents: 1) Section Details 2) Laboratory Methods 3) Calculation of Soil Respiration Fluxes 4) Sensitivity Calculations and Analysis 5) References 6) Figures 7) Tables

Cited by 63 publications

References 47 publications

Expansion of Dust Provenance and Aridification of Asia Since ~7.2 Ma Revealed by Detrital Zircon U‐Pb Dating

Expansion of Dust Provenance and Aridification of Asia Since ~7.2 Ma Revealed by Detrital Zircon U‐Pb Dating

Late Miocene Intensified Tectonic Uplift and Climatic Aridification on the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau: Evidence From Clay Mineralogical and Geochemical Records in the Xining Basin

Three main stages in the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau during the Cenozoic period and its possible effects on Asian aridification: A review

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