The Neotropical caddisfly genus Tolhuaca (Trichoptera:  Glossosomatidae)

Abstract

The caddisfly genus Tolhauca Schmid 1964 (Glossosomatidae: Protoptilinae) is diagnosed and discussed in the context of other protoptiline genera, and a review of its taxonomic history is provided. A new species, Tolhuaca brasiliensis, from southeastern Brazil, is described and illustrated, and the type species, Tolhuaca cupulifera Schmid 1964, from Chile, is redescribed and illustrated. Additionally, females of the genus are described and illustrated for the first time. Characters of the female genitalia, wing venation, and thorax suggest that Tolhuaca is more primitive than any other protoptiline genus and probably deserves a basal placement within the subfamily. The genus shows a broadly disjunct distribution perhaps reflecting an ancient southern Gondwana pattern.

Revision and phylogeny of the caddisfly subfamily Protoptilinae (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae) inferred from adult morphology and mitochondrial DNA

“…Mosely (1939) established Canoptila from a single species in Hydroptilidae, based on wing venation and male genitalic features, but later (Mosely 1954) transferred it to the Protoptila group of Glossosomatinae, then a subfamily within Rhyacophilidae. Putative synapomorphies supporting the monophyly of the genus include: 1) the presence of long, spine-like, posterolateral processes on tergum X, 2) the highly membranous digitate parameres on the endotheca, and 3) the unique combination of both forewing and hind wing venational features (Robertson & Holzenthal 2006). Robertson & Holzenthal (2006) suggested that Canoptila was most closely related to the more derived protoptiline genera based on structures of the mesothorax and wing venation.…”

“…Putative synapomorphies supporting the monophyly of the genus include: 1) the presence of long, spine-like, posterolateral processes on tergum X, 2) the highly membranous digitate parameres on the endotheca, and 3) the unique combination of both forewing and hind wing venational features (Robertson & Holzenthal 2006). Robertson & Holzenthal (2006) suggested that Canoptila was most closely related to the more derived protoptiline genera based on structures of the mesothorax and wing venation. The immature stages and biology are unknown.…”

“…The immature stages and biology are unknown. The female was described for Canoptila williami Robertson & Holzenthal, 2006. Cariboptila Flint 1964 Eleven species of Cariboptila are known from Cuba, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico.…”

“…Schmid (1964) remarked that although Tolhuaca has complete wing venation, a primitive feature of Trichoptera, the male genitalia are very simple and derived, thus "…it is impossible to assign a phyletic position to the genus." However, Robertson & Holzenthal (2005) determined that Tolhuaca deserves a basal placement in Protoptilinae based on its retention of the foretibial spur, presence of mesoscutellar setal warts, and the oviscapt structure of the female genitalia.…”

Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera e Trichoptera em corredeiras de riachos do Parque Estadual Intervales, Estado de São Paulo.

“…Nos últimos 15 anos, houve um aumento no o número de estudos taxonômicos (Bispo & Froehlich 2007;calor 2008;Gonçalves et al 2010) e ecológicos (Bispo et al 2006;Bispo & oliveira 2007;crisci-Bispo et al 2007a, b) sobre a fauna brasileira de EPT, o que tem contribuído com o entendimento da diversidade e dos fatores determinantes de sua estruturação faunística. Os insetos aquáticos, principalmente EPT, do Parque Estadual Intervales (PEI) têm sido estudados desde o início da década de 1990, e as informações morfológicas (poleGatto & Froehlich 2001), taxonômicas roBertson & holzenthal 2006) e ecológicas (crisci- Bispo et al 2004;crisci-Bispo et al 2007a, b) têm sido publicadas em diversos trabalhos.…”