The Nervous-System-Specific S100 Protein

Zomzely-Neurath, Claire

doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-4555-6_3

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…Particularly 1 shows the existence of very many downregulated spot signals in the fluoxetine‐treated mouse. The data in these figures and tables show that the spot intensity of cholecystockinin, 11 prostaglandin D2 synthase, 12 S‐100 protein, 13 and 14‐3‐3 protein 4 largely decreased in the fluoxetine‐treated mouse brain and the spot intensity of 45 kDa Ca‐binding protein precurser, 14 γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, 15 and neurfilament L protein 16 increased a little.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Gene Expression in the Brain from Fluoxetine‐Injected Mouse Using DNA Microarray

Takahashi

Washiyama

Kobayashi

et al. 2006

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Previously we have examined the effects of phencyclidine and clozapine upon the gene expression in the mouse brain. Recently, fluoxetine (Prozac) has been introduced for the therapeutic purpose as an antidepressant drug. Miledi et al. reported blockage of mouse muscle and neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor by various concentrations of fluoxetine. Furthermore, Kobayashi et al. discovered that fluoxetine inhibits G protein activated inwardly rectifying G protein activated K(+) (GIRK) channels using Xenopus oocyte expression assay. From these experiments, we considered that it might be interesting to study the effects of fluoxetine on the gene expression in the mouse brain. After we have injected fluoxetine once a day into mouse for 20 days, we sacrificed mouse by decapitation and extracted RNA from mouse cerebral cortex. We used DNA microarray method for examining the gene expression in the brain. We found the downregulation of many spot signals in the fluoxetine-treated mouse, for example cholecystockinin and prostaglandin D2 synthase.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Gene Expression in the Brain from Fluoxetine‐Injected Mouse Using DNA Microarray

Takahashi

Washiyama

Kobayashi

et al. 2006

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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“…S-100 protein is a mixture of at least three similar proteins, S-100ao, S-100a, and S-100b, with subunit compositions of aa, a@, and @@, respectively. S-100 protein in the CNS is localized mostly in the cytoplasm of glial cells as S-lOOb and S-1 OOa (Zomzely-Neurath, 1983). S-1 OOao is present mainly in the heart and skeletal muscles (Kato and Kimura, 1985;Kato et al, 1986) and in the renal tu-loop) is located on the distal half of the long arm of chromosome 2 1, and suggested that increased S-1 OOp production might be related to the neurological disturbances in Down's syndrome, which results from trisomy of chromosome 2 1.…”

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confidence: 99%

Selective Increase in S‐100β Protein by Aging in Rat Cerebral Cortex

Kato¹,

Suzuki²,

Morishita³

et al. 1990

Journal of Neurochemistry

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Changes in the concentrations of nervous tissue-related proteins and their isoproteins, such as S-100 proteins (S-100 alpha and S-100 beta), enolase isozymes (alpha-enolase and gamma-enolase), and GTP-binding proteins (Go alpha, Gi2 alpha, and beta-subunits), were determined in the CNS of male rats of various ages (from 2 to 30 months old) by means of enzyme immunoassay. The weights of brains and the concentrations of soluble proteins in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and brainstem were constant during the observation period. The concentration of S-100 beta protein, which is predominantly localized in glial cells, increased gradually in the cerebral cortex with age; levels in the 25-month-old rats increased to approximately 150% of the levels in the young (2-month-old) rats. However, the S-100 beta concentrations in the cerebellum and brainstem were relatively constant, showing similar values in rats 2-30 months old. Levels of other proteins, including both neuronal (gamma-enolase and Go alpha) and glial (alpha-enolase and S-100 alpha) marker proteins, did not change significantly with age in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and brainstem. These results suggest that there is a close relation between the age-dependent changes of the CNS function and S-100 beta protein levels in the cerebral cortex.

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Changes in the levels of neural cell specific proteins in the developing rat brain

et al. 1985

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The levels of S-100 protein (S-100) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in the developing rat brain were determined by a sensitive enzyme immunoassay and the results were compared with those obtained by other methods. Changes with development in the levels of S-100, NSE, and 2', 3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase), biochemical markers for astroglia, neurons and oligodendroglia respectively, were determined in various brain regions including the cerebral hemisphere (CH), brain stem (BS) and cerebellum (Ce). The peak increments of S-100, NSE, and CNPase activity were reached later than that of the brain weight in all of the regions. The ratios of S-100/NSE and CNPase/NSE rose during the 21 days after birth in the CH and BS; the S-100/NSE ratio in the CH began to decrease from the 21st day, whereas the CNPase/NSE ratio continued to rise even after the 30th day, suggesting different maturation periods of the different glial cells. In the Ce, the change of these ratios showed a pattern different from those in the other regions. In the CH of rats with experimental microencephaly induced by methylazoxymethanol (MAM), the ratios were almost normal, in spite of the reduction of the brain weight to about 50% of the control.

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The Nervous-System-Specific S100 Protein

Cited by 5 publications

References 149 publications

Gene Expression in the Brain from Fluoxetine‐Injected Mouse Using DNA Microarray

Gene Expression in the Brain from Fluoxetine‐Injected Mouse Using DNA Microarray

Selective Increase in S‐100β Protein by Aging in Rat Cerebral Cortex

Changes in the levels of neural cell specific proteins in the developing rat brain

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