The Neural Basis of Intuitive Best Next-Move Generation in Board Game Experts

Wan, Xin; Nakatani, Hayato; Ueno, Kenichi; Asamizuya, Takeshi; Cheng, Kang; Tanaka, Keiji

doi:10.1126/science.1194732

Cited by 108 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

103

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…We predicted that Korean participants would show more enhanced activity in brain regions associated with intuitive and approximation processes, while their American counterparts would show stronger activity in the regions associated with reasoning and cognitive processes. In fact, a significant main effect of the group factor was found in the insula, putamen, postcentral sulcus, ACC, and SFG, which are associated with either intuitive, approximation, or reasoning process [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48]. The result of the ANOVA of the main effect of the dilemma type also successfully replicated the previous fMRI investigation of moral functioning conducted by Greene et al [15].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Given previous studies of the cognitive functional role of the putamen, the activity in this area is significantly associated with intuitive social decision making and behavioral processes [38,39]. In addition, a previous study suggested that the putamen is associated with automatic emotional responses and processes, in particular, negative emotions, such as hate and disgust [49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cultural influences on the neural correlate of moral decision making processes

Han

Glover

Jeong

2014

Behavioural Brain Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Highlights: We compared the neural substrate of moral functioning between Koreans and Americans.  Koreans showed increased activity in the putamen, DLPFC, and postcentral sulcus.  Americans showed increased activity in the ACC and FPC.  Results support the idea of interactions between culture, education, and brain. These findings support the ideas of the interactions between the cultural background, education, and brain development, proposed in the field of cultural psychology and educational psychology.The study introduces educational implications relevant to moral psychologists and educators.4

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultural influences on the neural correlate of moral decision making processes

Han

Glover

Jeong

2014

Behavioural Brain Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Chess experts, who also depend on quick automatized responses like expert musicians, also manifested a reduced volume in the caudate nucleus (Duan et al 2012). This phenomenon also manifested in other board games and skills (Wan et al 2011;Poldrack et al 2005). In accordance, we show for the first time a stepwise GMD decrease in the caudate nucleus with musical aptitude.…”

Section: Negative Effects Of Expertisesupporting

confidence: 70%

Musical training intensity yields opposite effects on grey matter density in cognitive versus sensorimotor networks

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Using optimized voxel-based morphometry, we performed grey matter density analyses on 59 age-, sexand intelligence-matched young adults with three distinct, progressive levels of musical training intensity or expertise. Structural brain adaptations in musicians have been repeatedly demonstrated in areas involved in auditory perception and motor skills. However, musical activities are not confined to auditory perception and motor performance, but are entangled with higher-order cognitive processes. In consequence, neuronal systems involved in such higher-order processing may also be shaped by experiencedriven plasticity. We modelled expertise as a three-level regressor to study possible linear relationships of expertise with grey matter density. The key finding of this study resides in a functional dissimilarity between areas exhibiting increase versus decrease of grey matter as a function of musical expertise. Grey matter density increased with expertise in areas known for their involvement in higherorder cognitive processing: right fusiform gyrus (visual pattern recognition), right mid orbital gyrus (tonal sensitivity), left inferior frontal gyrus (syntactic processing, executive function, working memory), left intraparietal sulcus (visuo-motor coordination) and bilateral posterior cerebellar Crus II (executive function, working memory) and in auditory processing: left Heschl's gyrus. Conversely, grey matter density decreased with expertise in bilateral perirolandic and striatal areas that are related to sensorimotor function, possibly reflecting high automation of motor skills. Moreover, a multiple regression analysis evidenced that grey matter density in the right mid orbital area and the inferior frontal gyrus predicted accuracy in detecting fine-grained incongruities in tonal music.

show abstract

“…Several neuroimaging studies have revealed that the playing of board games such as Go or chess is related to executive function and problem solving skills 21,22. Chen et al (2003) investigated the neural basis of Go using functional magnetic resonance imaging and observed enhanced activations in cortical areas of the dorsal prefrontal, parietal, occipital, posterior temporal, and primary somatosensory and motor areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Baduk (the Game of Go) Improved Cognitive Function and Brain Activity in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Kim¹,

Han

Lee

et al. 2014

Psychiatry Investig

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectiveAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms are associated with the deficit in executive functions. Playing Go involves many aspect of cognitive function and we hypothesized that it would be effective for children with ADHD.MethodsSeventeen drug naïve children with ADHD and seventeen age and sex matched comparison subjects were participated. Participants played Go under the instructor's education for 2 hours/day, 5 days/week. Before and at the end of Go period, clinical symptoms, cognitive functions, and brain EEG were assessed with Dupaul's ADHD scale (ARS), Child depression inventory (CDI), digit span, the Children's Color Trails Test (CCTT), and 8-channel QEEG system (LXE3208, Laxtha Inc., Daejeon, Korea).ResultsThere were significant improvements of ARS total score (z=2.93, p<0.01) and inattentive score (z=2.94, p<0.01) in children with ADHD. However, there was no significant change in hyperactivity score (z=1.33, p=0.18). There were improvement of digit total score (z=2.60, p<0.01; z=2.06, p=0.03), digit forward score (z=2.21, p=0.02; z=2.02, p=0.04) in both ADHD and healthy comparisons. In addition, ADHD children showed decreased time of CCTT-2 (z=2.21, p=0.03). The change of theta/beta right of prefrontal cortex during 16 weeks was greater in children with ADHD than in healthy comparisons (F=4.45, p=0.04). The change of right theta/beta in prefrontal cortex has a positive correlation with ARS-inattention score in children with ADHD (r=0.44, p=0.03).ConclusionWe suggest that playing Go would be effective for children with ADHD by activating hypoarousal prefrontal function and enhancing executive function.

show abstract

The Neural Basis of Intuitive Best Next-Move Generation in Board Game Experts

Cited by 108 publications

References 41 publications

Cultural influences on the neural correlate of moral decision making processes

Cultural influences on the neural correlate of moral decision making processes

Musical training intensity yields opposite effects on grey matter density in cognitive versus sensorimotor networks

Baduk (the Game of Go) Improved Cognitive Function and Brain Activity in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About