The Neurobiology of Eating Disorders

Frank, Guido; Shott, Megan E.; DeGuzman, Marisa C.

doi:10.1016/j.chc.2019.05.007

Cited by 89 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…Relapse rates in AN are high and long-term outcome studies generally show only low rates of full recovery 3 . Although neurobiological underpinnings of the aetiology and maintenance of the disorder are generally recognized, the exact mechanisms are still unknown 4,5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of spontaneous regional brain activity in weight-recovered anorexia nervosa

et al. 2020

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Whereas research using structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) reports sizable grey matter reductions in patients suffering from acute anorexia nervosa (AN) to be largely reversible already after short-term weight gain, many task-based and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) studies suggest persistent brain alterations even after long-term weight rehabilitation. First investigations into spontaneous regional brain activity using voxel-wise resting-state measures found widespread abnormalities in acute AN, but no studies have compared intrinsic brain activity properties in weight-recovered individuals with a history of AN (recAN) with healthy controls (HCs). SMRI and RSFC data were analysed from a sample of 130 female volunteers: 65 recAN and 65 pairwise age-matched HC. Cortical grey matter thickness was assessed using FreeSurfer software. Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFFs), mean-square successive difference (MSSD), regional homogeneity (ReHo), voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VHMC), and degree centrality (DC) were calculated. SMRI and RSFC data were analysed from a sample of 130 female volunteers: 65 recAN and 65 pairwise age-matched HCs. Cortical grey matter thickness was assessed using FreeSurfer software. Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF), mean-square successive difference (MSSD), regional homogeneity (ReHo), voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VHMC), and degree centrality (DC) were calculated. Abnormal regional homogeneity found in acute AN seems to normalize in recAN, supporting assumptions of a state rather than a trait marker. Aberrant fALFF values in the cerebellum and the infertior temporal gyrus could possibly hint towards trait factors or a scar (the latter, e.g., from prolonged periods of undernutrition), warranting further longitudinal research.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of spontaneous regional brain activity in weight-recovered anorexia nervosa

et al. 2020

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“…Empirical findings are consistent with the behavioral susceptibility theory, suggesting that genetic vulnerability influences the responsiveness to food cues, appetite dysregulation, and reward learning (which are associated with functional connectivity and brain circuits associated with reward, described below) [ 2 ]. Research also supports the critical role of emotion as a longitudinal risk factor [ 7 ] and a precipitant of BN behaviors, as well as the likelihood that negative emotion enhances the reward value of food-related stimuli [ 2 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Neurobiological and Psychological Maintenance Mechanisms Associated with Anticipatory Reward in Bulimia Nervosa

Peterson

Haynos

Mueller

et al. 2021

J Psychiatry Brain Sci

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The purpose of this investigation is to identify the anticipatory reward mechanisms that maintain binge eating and purging in bulimia nervosa. Emerging data indicate the importance of reward and anticipatory processes as maintenance mechanisms of bulimia nervosa that can be targeted in treatment. The proposed research will identify neurobiological and psychological anticipatory mechanisms of binge eating and purging using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and ecological momentary assessment (EMA) in the natural environment. In this investigation, 60 adults (30 with bulimia nervosa and 30 matched comparison participants) will undergo negative and positive mood inductions followed by an fMRI food selection task (and a comparison shopping task) to examine neurobiological and affective responses to food and non-food reward anticipation. Participants with bulimia nervosa will complete two weeks of EMA examining real-time affect changes in relation to the anticipation of binge eating and purging. These methods will facilitate rigorous assessment of the links between neurobiological (fMRI) and naturalistic (EMA) data in anticipatory reward processes. Findings from this investigation will inform the conceptualization and treatment of bulimia nervosa by identifying the role of reward anticipation in symptom maintenance, providing a crucial framework for targeting these anticipatory processes in existing and novel interventions.

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“…Studies of eating disorders in humans have significantly increased our understanding of eating disorder development, both in terms of psychosocial risk factors (e.g., interpersonal stressors; Keel & Forney, 2013) as well as biological processes (e.g., genes, neurobiology) that may contribute to the etiology of eating disorders (Frank, Shott, & DeGuzman, 2019b; Hinney & Volckmar, 2013). However, the mechanisms that explain how or why these risk factors contribute to eating pathology remain largely unknown.…”

Section: Article Clinical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A virtual issue highlighting animal studies of eating disorders as valuable tools for examining neurobiological underpinnings and treatment of eating disorders

Fowler

Klump

2020

Intl J Eating Disorders

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While studies in humans suggest a role for psychosocial factors as well as biological and genetic processes in the development of eating disorders, the specific etiologic mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this virtual issue, we present a collection of 14 archived articles from the International Journal of Eating Disorders to highlight the utility of animal studies of eating disorders to advance our understanding of eating disorder etiology. Selected articles establish animal studies as valid tools to study disordered eating behavior, offer insight into potential neurobiological mechanisms, and highlight novel targets for future pharmacological treatments. Clinical implications of each article's findings are included to demonstrate the translational value of animal studies for the eating disorders field. We hope that the exciting concepts and findings in this issue inspire future animal studies of eating disorders.

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The Neurobiology of Eating Disorders

Cited by 89 publications

References 100 publications

Evaluation of spontaneous regional brain activity in weight-recovered anorexia nervosa

Evaluation of spontaneous regional brain activity in weight-recovered anorexia nervosa

Neurobiological and Psychological Maintenance Mechanisms Associated with Anticipatory Reward in Bulimia Nervosa

A virtual issue highlighting animal studies of eating disorders as valuable tools for examining neurobiological underpinnings and treatment of eating disorders

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