The neuroprotective effect of Riparin IV on oxidative stress and neuroinflammation related to chronic stress-induced cognitive impairment

Neuroprotective and Antioxidant Effects of Riparin I in a Model of Depression Induced by Corticosterone in Female Mice

“…The mechanisms involved in these sexual differences remain unclear, but some researches point to gender-specific characteristics, such as female hormonal fluctuations throughout life and increased sensitivity to catecholamines [28,29]. Because of these important characteristics, many research studies are now being conducted using female animals [12,19,[30][31][32], like this study. It is an important point that females housed in groups can have a synchronous cycle or repress each other's cyclicity, thus masking the effect of the estrous cycle [33].…”

“…Various neuropsychiatric conditions, such as depressive disorders with psychotic features and schizophrenia, are related to failure of PPI. This inhibition is an attenuation in startle reflex magnitude that occurs when a startling stimulus (a pulse) is closely preceded by a weak sensory event (a prepulse or prestimulus), related to a sensorimotor gating which coordinates the input of sensory stimuli, avoiding sensory overload in the brain [19]. In this study, the chronic treatment with CORT was able to cause impairment in the sensorimotor gating, implicating in a relation between the neurobiology of schizophrenia, stress response, and PPI.…”

“…Each mouse was placed at the end of one of the 3 arms (40 × 25 × 6 cm, in 120° angle) and allowed to freely move through the maze during 8 min. The total number of arm entries was recorded, and the percentage of alternations was calculated as described by Chaves et al [19]. PPI Test PPI is the suppression of a startle reflex response to a startle stimulus that occurs when a weak prepulse stimulus precedes the startle stimulus.…”

“…PPI Test PPI is the suppression of a startle reflex response to a startle stimulus that occurs when a weak prepulse stimulus precedes the startle stimulus. This test has been used to investigate antipsychotic activity of antidepressant drugs [19]. In this test, individual mice were placed in small metal cages equipped with a sensor recording vertical movements (Insight, São Paulo, Brazil).…”

“…In this test, individual mice were placed in small metal cages equipped with a sensor recording vertical movements (Insight, São Paulo, Brazil). The protocol assay (including pulse and prepulse intensities, frequency, and background noise) was performed as previously described by Chaves et al [19].…”