The ‘New’ East African Pastoralist: An Overview

Baxter, P. T. W.

doi:10.1007/978-1-349-13675-9_9

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Searching the past reveals a repertoire of survival strategies, many of which-including raiding, ethnic redefinition, the marginalization of the poor, and strategic shifts in and out of pastoralism-have reemerged, as research under the auspices of the Pastoral Risk Management (PARIMA) project has shown (Little et al 2001;Smith et al 2001). 8 The historical record demonstrates not only the failure of top-down development planning and the intransigence of official misconception, but also the resilience and drive for survival and accumulation of pastoralists themselves, as Paul Baxter (1993) recognized in a survey of the plight of the "new pastoralist" in northern Kenya.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pastoral Production in Colonial Kenya: Lessons from the Past?

Waller¹

2012

Afr. Stud. Rev.

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Abstract:This article examines the troubled course of attempts to modernize and control pastoral production in Kenya over the last hundred years. It begins with an overview of changes in pastoralism to provide context and then gives more detailed consideration to the failure of colonial attempts to manage livestock resources. Finally, it discusses recent developments in relation to the past. It argues that study of pastoralism's past offers valuable lessons and provides insights into its present and possible future.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pastoral Production in Colonial Kenya: Lessons from the Past?

Waller¹

2012

Afr. Stud. Rev.

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“…Buttressing such respect was Samburu community's belief in the curse of elders. Morans feared that disobedience would spell curse on them which served as deterrence to any wayward behavior (Baxter, 1993).…”

Section: Moranismmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Contextualization of the Nilotic Pastoralist Conflicts in Northern Kenya

Ltipalei¹,

Kivuva²,

Jonyo³

2020

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This article gives a critical look at the genesis of protracted conflict in northern Kenya but more specifically among the Turkana, Pokot and Samburu Nilotic pastoral communities. To achieve this, the article progresses as follows; first, the chapter discusses the communities involved in the conflict. These are the Turkana, the Pokot and the Samburu. Second, the article discusses traditional cattle raiding and the role of age in the conflict sets paying special attention to the institution of Moranism. Lastly, the article discusses traditional coping mechanisms that have been employed throughout generations followed by how this 'normal' raiding was transformed with the advent of the British rule and the independent state to become a deadly affairs where lives are lost and properly destroyed.The conflict among these communities has been attributed to many factors such as;, celebration of a culture of heroism that elevates the social status of raiders, the decline of the role community elders play in the management of raids, competition over scarce and diminishing water and pastures for their animals, marginalization by successive governments and little presence of state security. Among these communities conflict can be seen as a cycle of revenge killings and cattle raids that often starts with Morans from one community raiding a rival community. Consequently, this spirals into attacks and counter attacks that after a while leads to long periods of hostilities punctuated by series of massacres. But has the conflict within these

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“…These groups are but not limited to Somali National Alliance (SNA), Somali Salvation Democratic Front (SSDF), Somali Peoples Movement (SPM), Somali Salvation National Movement (SSNM), Somali Democratic Movement (SDM), Somali National Democratic Union (SNDU) and Somali National Front (SNF). Baxter (1993) asserts that the disintegration and indiscipline in the ranks of rebel movements was also a mechanism through which the militarization of the civilian populations has occurred. Many armed political movements experience schism within their organizations.…”

Section: Political Instability Among Regimes In the Horn Of Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

External Conflict Escalation Among the Nilotic Pastoral Communities of Northern Kenya

Ltipalei¹,

Kivuva²,

Jonyo³

2019

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This article discusses the external dynamics that resulted in the proliferation of arms into Kenya in general and Northern Kenya in specific. The paper has two major arguments. First, during the cold war, there was an arms race in the region because of its strategic position. This resulted in the two superpowers, USA and USSR, to arm specific countries that were considered to be friendly to them. Second, the paper argues that beginning in the early '70s into the '80s and early 90s, a number of countries in the Horn of Africa experienced turmoil or civil strife. Political instability in Somalia made Kenyan Somalis able to obtain guns by volunteering to join the fight for the Ogaden in Ethiopia and then slipped back into Kenya. The current study found that the conflict in North Eastern Kenya is caused by scarcity of resources, economic and political marginalization, active resistance by pastoralist communities to assimilation, resource depletion, and demographic changes, and the growing availability of small arms and light weapons. Livestock has become the triggers and the medium for sustaining conflicts through cattle raiding for wealth accumulation and also for dowry payments. Modern technology has also become a clear instrument of conflict escalation. Pastoral communities in northern Kenya provide an excellent market for firearms. The study concludes that political instability in Somalia made Kenyan Somalis able to obtain guns by volunteering to join the fight for the Ogaden in Ethiopia and then slipped back into Kenya. The rivalry between Ethiopia and Eritrea led to an arms race between the two nations, where each country is involved in the massive acquisition of arms.

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The ‘New’ East African Pastoralist: An Overview

Cited by 16 publications

References 15 publications

Pastoral Production in Colonial Kenya: Lessons from the Past?

Pastoral Production in Colonial Kenya: Lessons from the Past?

The Contextualization of the Nilotic Pastoralist Conflicts in Northern Kenya

External Conflict Escalation Among the Nilotic Pastoral Communities of Northern Kenya

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