The new Enamel Defects Index: testing and expansion

Abstract

The Enamel Defects Index (EDI) was created based on three innovative principles: (i) a basic level of the three major categories of defects; (ii) more detailed subcategories of each major category; and (iii) each category scored independently as present [1] or absent [0], simplifying decision making. The aim of this investigation was to further test the index in a number of applications and to expand it to record defect subtype and treatment need. Testing was undertaken by operators with different levels of clinical experience. A computer-assisted learning (CAL) package was developed for operator training and calibration. The index was also used on clinical photographs and high-resolution digital images of exfoliated and extracted teeth. Scoring of photographs revealed substantial intra-operator agreement. Training using the CAL package resulted in significant improvement in index use. Intra-operator reproducibility was good to excellent, and interoperator reproducibility was good for buccal surfaces on digital images. Index expansion allowed information on defect subtype, location, and treatment need to be gathered readily. The EDI has high reproducibility and allows more rapid and accurate data collection from clinical and in vitro studies than the Fédération Dentaire Internationale Developmental Defects of Enamel index.

Oral Manifestations of Celiac Disease

“…Disturbances in matrix secretion can cause enamel hypoplasia, which presents as deficiency of enamel quantity, whereas qualitative defects present as enamel opacity and are due to disruptions occurring during the calcification phase of enamel formation. 7 An association between gastrointestinal diseases and developmental defects of dental enamel was described since early 1900s, when the term ''dental atrophy'' was used for dental malformations owing to disorders interfering with a normal nutrition. 8 In 1955, pronounced DEDs were described in a 7-year-old girl with clinical features of CD, 9 and in 1956, 7 patients with CD were examined, 3 of whom exhibited DEDs of the permanent dentition.…”

The Structure and Composition of Deciduous Enamel Affected by Local Hypoplastic Autosomal Dominant Amelogenesis Imperfecta Resulting from an <i>ENAM</i> Mutation

“…Before processing, the EDI value was determined for the labial/ buccal and lingual surfaces of all teeth from one individual (chosen at random from one of the families) by the method reported by Brook et al [2001] and Elcock et al [2006], employing visual inspection and using image analysis of digital images. The index is binary in nature and has a value range from 0,0,0 to 1,1,1, the former indicating no visible defect of any kind (hypoplasia, opacity or post-eruptive breakdown) is present and the latter indicating all 3 are present on the tooth surface under scrutiny.…”

Enamelin/ameloblastin gene polymorphisms in autosomal amelogenesis imperfecta among Syrian families

“…This study was a family, case–control study, based on a group of children with AI (probands) and an appropriate group of controls collected from the family members of the affected children. Evidence of AI was diagnosed clinically on the Enamel Defect Index (EDI) 17 and a radiographic assessment. Controls were those who had a clinically healthy dentition and an EDI score of 0.…”