The new extractivism in Mexico: Rent redistribution and resistance to mining and petroleum activities

Tetreault, Darcy

doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104714

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The construction of a spectacular infrastructure (in record time and with public resources) constitutes the fundamental aspects of a 'return' of that sovereignty that has been eroded in the last thirty years of neoliberal governments. The 2013 constitutional energy reform parallels broader tendencies of extractivism in Latin America (Svampa 2015(Svampa , 2018Tetreault 2020). However, AMLO's policies that aim to place PEMEX and CFE's fossil fuel-based generation is pointing towards new levels of extraction "that tends to privilege the conflict between capital and labour, minimizing or giving little attention to the new social struggles on territory and the commons" (Svampa 2015: 70).…”

Section: Discussion -The Dos Bocas Refinery and The Promises Of Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petro-populism and infrastructural energy landscapes: The case of Mexico’s Dos Bocas Refinery

Tornel

2021

NGP

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In 2018, recently elected presidential candidate Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador (AMLO) promised the construction of a new refinery in Mexico. Arguing a lack of energy independence and the urgent need to ‘rescue’ petro-state giant PEMEX and the stateowned electricity company CFE from the mismanagement and neoliberal policies of previous administrations, the Dos Bocas Refinery (DBR) became one of the main flagship projects of AMLO’s administration symbolizing a discourse of energy security and national pride. This paper reviews the process of approval and construction of the refinery by assessing, the material and relational character of energy infrastructure, the “politics and poetics” that are built into the promises of infrastructure projects, and the shifting temporalities of infrastructure and their interaction with emerging ‘petropopulist landscapes’ which serve as material evidence of oil-led development. Drawing on Anthropology's and Geography’s ‘infrastructural turn’, this paper reviews a series of government documents, speeches and declarations supported by interviews with energy experts to understand the symbolic meaning of energy infrastructure and how the DBR has become deeply entangled with a nationalist political project which has instituted an inertial path-dependence towards the continued use of fossil fuels, off-staging other concerns associated to climate change and the energy transition at the national level.

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Section: Discussion -The Dos Bocas Refinery and The Promises Of Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petro-populism and infrastructural energy landscapes: The case of Mexico’s Dos Bocas Refinery

Tornel

2021

NGP

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“…During the post-World War II period, the Mexican state regulated and controlled extractive activities to strategically provide raw materials for industrial development and to obtain foreign currency through the exportation of primary commodities (Tetreault, 2020). In the petroleum sector, PEMEX, the state-owned oil and gas company, held a monopoly over all facets of production, processing and distribution.…”

Section: From State-led Industrialization To Neoliberal Extractivismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fox passed reforms to allow transnational companies to extract gas from the Burgos Basin in the northeast. Calderón's reforms allowed PEMEX to contract the services of transnational companies in the areas of exploration and production (Tetreault, 2020). The country's petroleum sector was opened completely to private and foreign investment in December of 2013, as part of the energy reform implemented by the government of Enrique Peña Nieto, of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI).…”

Section: From State-led Industrialization To Neoliberal Extractivismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two sides of the same coin: increasing material extraction rates and social environmental conflicts in Mexico

Tetreault

2022

Environ Dev Sustain

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This article seeks to explain the multiplication of social environmental conflicts in Mexico as a consequence of expanding and intensifying extractive activities. It examines how the Mexican state has provided private and foreign capital greater access to the country’s natural resources in the transition from state-led import-substituting industrialization to export-oriented market-led development. This, it argues, has led to accelerating material extraction rates in the context of rising global demand for primary commodities; while the negative environmental and social impacts have in turn led to a growing number of conflicts involving the inhabitants of directly affected rural communities, who organize to resist. Based on standardized procedures for material flow analysis, it presents the results of an investigation into the domestic extraction rates of minerals, metal ores, biomass, and fossil fuels from Mexico, between 1990 and 2018. It finds that domestic extraction rates increased significantly during this period, with the exception of fossil fuels, which peaked in 2006, declining thereafter due to the exhaustion of the country’s most important oil reserves. The evolution of domestic extraction rates is juxtaposed with the emergence of related social environmental conflicts by drawing on multiple databases of conflicts around extractive activities in Mexico.

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“…Aunque la vocación latinoamericana ha sido minera, es a partir de la década de 1990 (Andrews, Elizalde, Le Billon, Hoon Oh, Reyes y Thomson, 2017; Haslam y Ary, 2016) que se ha percibido un aumento significativo de las conflictividades socioambientales relacionadas con las actividades mineras. Dichas conflictividades han sido alimentadas por la dinámica global de las economías emergentes asiáticas (Conde, 2017) y por las nuevas tendencias extractivistas en la región (Tetreault, 2019a). Una de las hipótesis existentes es que los conflictos sociales en general, y los relacionados con las actividades extractivas en particular, se encuentran enmarcados en lo que se conoce como nuevos movimientos sociales (NSM por sus siglas en inglés), tendencia que se relaciona a su vez con una respuesta natural de las comunidades a la forma del "neoliberalismo de incidir en sus vidas, de ejercer nuevas formas de colonialismos y de la natural precarización de las condiciones emergentes" (Conde, 2017, p. 82, traducción propia).…”

Section: Conflictos Mineros Factores Detonantes Actores Y Marcos Analíticosunclassified

“…Por último, la relación temporal entre los conflictos mineros es evidente. Quizás ésta es una de las áreas más estudiadas en términos de conflictividades mineras, con dos periodos identificados en términos de aumentos de concesiones: entre 1994 y 2000 y entre 2006 y 2012, lo que puede obedecer a las políticas de expansión del sector minero como motor de desarrollos regionales (Bellota y CESOP, 2017;Tetreault, 2013aTetreault, , 2013bTetreault, , 2019a.…”

Section: Conclusionesunclassified

Dimensiones de la (in)gobernanza territorial en conflictos socioambientales. Un análisis desde la minería en México

Salvador

2021

regsoc

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Objetivo: analizar los conflictos socioambientales derivados de las actividades mineras en México para identificar los elementos de (in)gobernanza territorial que inciden en su ocurrencia, con la finalidad de contribuir a un mejor entendimiento de los factores que detonan dichos conflictos. Metodología: se llevó a cabo un análisis sistemático y exploratorio de las narrativas públicas de los conflictos a partir de cuatro dimensiones: asimetrías en la información; desarticulación y gestión de la estructura normativo-institucional; insostenibilidad del uso de los recursos territoriales; y desacuerdos en el acceso a los beneficios por el uso de los recursos). Resultados: las dimensiones más comunes de la (in)gobernanza son la insostenibilidad del uso de recursos y las desarticulaciones institucionales. Limitaciones: la generalización de los fenómenos sociales complejos (esto es, conflictos socioambientales) puede desdibujar los elementos particulares de un fenómeno social. Valor: esta sistematización propone un nuevo esquema analítico que integra la gobernanza como elemento definitorio en la génesis de conflictos socioambientales. Conclusiones: existe correlación entre ciertos momentos históricos que tienen una mayor incidencia de conflicto; la ruptura de cualquiera de las dimensiones más comunes parece elemento suficiente para detonar un conflicto social, aunque la mayoría de los conflictos presenta rupturas a lo largo de sus cuatro dimensiones.

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The new extractivism in Mexico: Rent redistribution and resistance to mining and petroleum activities

Cited by 28 publications

References 8 publications

Petro-populism and infrastructural energy landscapes: The case of Mexico’s Dos Bocas Refinery

Petro-populism and infrastructural energy landscapes: The case of Mexico’s Dos Bocas Refinery

Two sides of the same coin: increasing material extraction rates and social environmental conflicts in Mexico

Dimensiones de la (in)gobernanza territorial en conflictos socioambientales. Un análisis desde la minería en México

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