The first hyperpolarizability of aqueous suspensions of polyphosphate stabilized CdS nanocrystals of different
mean sizes and of Cd
x
Zn1
-
x
S nanocrystals (x = 0, 0.25, 0.75, 1) was determined by the hyper-Rayleigh
scattering technique. We report the first experimental observation that the first hyperpolarizability decreases
as the band gap energy increases. This is ascribed to the decrease of the resonance enhancement. The surface
modification of 9 nm CdS nanocrystals with OH- increases the first hyperpolarizability by a factor 1.7. This
is explained in terms of the higher polarizability of the surface terminating groups after the OH- modification.
Finally, we have also established the size dependence of the first hyperpolarizability for CdS nanocrystals.
Although it increases with the particle size, its values normalized per CdS pair increase with decreasing of
size, leading to an enhancement by 1 order of magnitude for 2 nm particles in comparison with bulk. This is
explained by assuming the enhancement of both the bulk contribution from the noncentrosymmetric nanocrystal
core and the surface contribution. The enhancement of the bulk contribution is ascribed to quantum confinement
effects on the normalized oscillator strengths. The surface contribution becomes more relevant as the size
decreases and may be enhanced by several effects, especially surface polarization. A two-level model can
explain both the band-gap and the size dependences.