The new technology of molecular and gene introduction method using discharge plasma: plasma brings features of random genome integration-free and damage-free to cells, genomic-DNA and external introducing molecules

Abstract

In the first half, this paper reviews the so-called “Plasma Gene Transfection” and “Plasma Molecular Introduction” which are the technology to introduce molecules such as plasmid DNA, proteins, and dye molecules into cells by discharge plasma treatment. In the latter half, the authors’ method with the micro discharge plasma is reviewed. This method induces the cell’s spontaneous uptake of external molecules by endocytosis which is triggered by the complex of weak stimuli produced by the micro discharge plasma treatment less than 10 ms and enables high introduction efficiency and high cell viability simultaneously. There is almost no damage to the cells and external introducing molecules, and there is almost no unintended integration of the introduced gene into the chromosome. The authors would like to call this feature “Random Genome Integration-Free.” This feature would enable safe and clean gene and molecular introduction for practical applications such as medicine and breeding.

Non-thermal atmospheric-pressure plasma potentiates mesodermal differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells

“…Collisions with electrons turn oxygen and nitrogen into reactive species that can affect nearby biological specimens. Because this type of plasma provides reactive species at atmospheric pressure without thermal damage, it has been used for a variety of biological applications ( Domonkos et al., 2021 ) such as antimicrobial therapy ( Duarte and Panariello, 2020 ), gene transfer ( Jinno et al., 2021 ), protein transfer ( Yanagawa et al., 2017 ), and stimulation of plant germination ( Dufour et al., 2021 ). Although active oxygen and nitrogen species have been implicated as the mediators of these effects, the light (especially in ultraviolet region) and electric field generated by the plasma may also contribute ( Tan et al., 2020 ).…”

Global numerical simulation of chemical reactions in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) exposed to atmospheric-pressure plasmas

“…Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) is a stable chemical species and known to have various biological effects. [72,[112][113][114] In this subsection, we examine the generation and loss mechanisms of H 2 O 2 when the solution is exposed to the plasmas considered in this study.…”

Induction of systemic resistance through calcium signaling in Arabidopsis exposed to air plasma-generated dinitrogen pentoxide

“…Atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) technology, which allows for a strong non-equilibrium chemical reaction initiated by high-energy electrons, is capable of e cient chemical conversion [1][2][3][4][5] . Speci cally, air APP can convert nitrogen (N 2 ), oxygen (O 2 ), and water (H 2 O) molecules on site into gaseous reactive species H x N y O z [for example, ozone (O 3 ), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), and hydroxyl radical (OH)], which are useful for medical [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] , agricultural [16][17][18][19][20][21] , and environmental applications 22,23 , potentially increasing the utilization of air to a great extent. Deemed a promising next-generation solution in those application eld, this technology, which is capable of operating exclusively with ambient air and distributed renewable energy, such as solar power, may stand out for its environmental sustainability and versatility.…”